API improvements

 Conflicts:

	QuestPDF.ReportSample/QuestPDF.ReportSample.csproj

	QuestPDF.ReportSample/Tests.cs

	QuestPDF.UnitTests/ShowOnceTest.cs

	QuestPDF.UnitTests/StackTests.cs

	QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/Operations/ChildMeasureOperation.cs

	QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/SingleChildTests.cs

	QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/TestPlan.cs

	QuestPDF/Drawing/DocumentGenerator.cs

	QuestPDF/Drawing/TextRender.cs

	QuestPDF/Elements/PageBreak.cs

	QuestPDF/Elements/PageNumber.cs

	QuestPDF/Elements/Rotate.cs

	QuestPDF/Elements/Row.cs

	QuestPDF/Elements/Scale.cs

	QuestPDF/Elements/SimpleRotate.cs

	QuestPDF/Elements/Text.cs

	QuestPDF/Elements/Unconstrained.cs

	QuestPDF/Infrastructure/Element.cs

QuestPDF.Examples/BarCode.cs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Examples
                 .Create()
                 .PageSize(400, 100)
                 .FileName()
+                .ShowResults()
                 .Render(container =>
                 {
                     container

QuestPDF.Examples/BarcodeExamples.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Examples.Engine;
+using QuestPDF.Fluent;
+using QuestPDF.Helpers;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.Examples
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class BarcodeExamples
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Barcode()
+        {
+            RenderingTest
+                .Create()
+                .PageSize(300, 300)
+                .FileName()
+                .Render(container =>
+                {
+                    container
+                        .Background("#FFF")
+                        .Padding(25)
+                        .Stack(stack =>
+                        {
+                            stack.Item().Border(1).Background(Colors.Grey.Lighten3).Padding(5).Text("Barcode Example");
+                            stack.Item().Border(1).Padding(5).AlignCenter().Text("*123456789*", TextStyle.Default.FontType("CarolinaBar-Demo-25E2").Size(20));
+                        });
+                });
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.Examples/ContinousPage.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
+using QuestPDF.Examples.Engine;
+using QuestPDF.Fluent;
+using QuestPDF.Helpers;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.Examples
+{
+    public class ContinuousPageDocument : IDocument
+    {
+        public DocumentMetadata GetMetadata() => DocumentMetadata.Default;
+
+        public void Compose(IDocumentContainer container)
+        {
+            container.Page(page =>
+            {
+                page.Margin(20);
+                page.ContinuousSize(150);
+                
+                page.Header().Text("Header");
+                
+                page.Content().PaddingVertical(10).Border(1).Padding(10).Stack(stack =>
+                {
+                    foreach (var index in Enumerable.Range(1, 100))
+                        stack.Item().Text($"Line {index}", TextStyle.Default.Color(Placeholders.Color()));
+                });
+                
+                page.Footer().Text("Footer");
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public class ContinuousPageExamples
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void ContinuousPage()
+        {
+            var path = "example.pdf";
+            new ContinuousPageDocument().GeneratePdf(path);
+            Process.Start("explorer", path);
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.Examples/DebuggingTesting.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Examples.Engine;
+using QuestPDF.Fluent;
+using QuestPDF.Helpers;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.Examples
+{
+    public class DebuggingTesting
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Stack()
+        {
+            RenderingTest
+                .Create()
+                .PageSize(500, 360)
+                .FileName()
+                .Render(container =>
+                {
+                    container
+                        .Background(Colors.White)
+                        .Padding(15)
+                        .Grid(grid =>
+                        {
+                            grid.Spacing(15);
+                    
+                            grid.Item().Background(Colors.Grey.Medium).Text(Placeholders.LoremIpsum());
+                            grid.Item().DebugPointer("Test").Background(Colors.Grey.Lighten1).Height(1000); // <-- problem
+                            grid.Item().Background(Colors.Grey.Lighten2).Height(150);
+                        });
+                });
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.Examples/DynamicExamples.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Elements;
+using QuestPDF.Examples.Engine;
+using QuestPDF.Fluent;
+using QuestPDF.Helpers;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.Examples
+{
+    public class OrderItem
+    {
+        public string ItemName { get; set; } = Placeholders.Label();
+        public int Price { get; set; } = Placeholders.Random.Next(1, 11) * 10;
+        public int Count { get; set; } = Placeholders.Random.Next(1, 11);
+    }
+    
+    public class OrdersTable : IDynamicComponent
+    {
+        private ICollection<OrderItem> Items { get; }
+        private ICollection<OrderItem> ItemsLeft { get; set; }
+        
+        public OrdersTable(ICollection<OrderItem> items)
+        {
+            Items = items;
+        }
+        
+        public void Compose(DynamicContext context, IDynamicContainer container)
+        {
+            if (context.Operation == DynamicLayoutOperation.Reset)
+            {
+                ItemsLeft = new List<OrderItem>(Items);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var header = ComposeHeader(context);
+            var sampleFooter = ComposeFooter(context, Enumerable.Empty<OrderItem>());
+            var decorationHeight = header.Size.Height + sampleFooter.Size.Height;
+            
+            var rows = GetItemsForPage(context, decorationHeight).ToList();
+            var footer = ComposeFooter(context, rows.Select(x => x.Item));
+
+            if (ItemsLeft.Count > rows.Count)
+                container.HasMoreContent();
+            
+            if (context.Operation == DynamicLayoutOperation.Draw)
+                ItemsLeft = ItemsLeft.Skip(rows.Count).ToList();
+
+            container.Box().Decoration(decoration =>
+            {
+                decoration.Header().Element(header);
+                
+                decoration.Content().Box().Stack(stack =>
+                {
+                    foreach (var row in rows)
+                        stack.Item().Element(row.Element);
+                });
+
+                decoration.Footer().Element(footer);
+            });
+        }
+
+        private IDynamicElement ComposeHeader(DynamicContext context)
+        {
+            return context.CreateElement(element =>
+            {
+                element
+                    .BorderBottom(1)
+                    .BorderColor(Colors.Grey.Darken2)
+                    .Padding(5)
+                    .Row(row =>
+                    {
+                        var textStyle = TextStyle.Default.SemiBold();
+
+                        row.ConstantColumn(30).Text("#", textStyle);
+                        row.RelativeColumn().Text("Item name", textStyle);
+                        row.ConstantColumn(50).AlignRight().Text("Count", textStyle);
+                        row.ConstantColumn(50).AlignRight().Text("Price", textStyle);
+                        row.ConstantColumn(50).AlignRight().Text("Total", textStyle);
+                    });
+            });
+        }
+        
+        private IDynamicElement ComposeFooter(DynamicContext context, IEnumerable<OrderItem> items)
+        {
+            var total = items.Sum(x => x.Count * x.Price);
+
+            return context.CreateElement(element =>
+            {
+                element
+                    .Padding(5)
+                    .AlignRight()
+                    .Text($"Subtotal: {total}$", TextStyle.Default.Size(14).SemiBold());
+            });
+        }
+        
+        private IEnumerable<(OrderItem Item, IDynamicElement Element)> GetItemsForPage(DynamicContext context, float decorationHeight)
+        {
+            var totalHeight = decorationHeight;
+            var counter = Items.Count - ItemsLeft.Count + 1;
+            
+            foreach (var orderItem in ItemsLeft)
+            {
+                var element = context.CreateElement(content =>
+                {
+                    content
+                        .BorderBottom(1)
+                        .BorderColor(Colors.Grey.Lighten2)
+                        .Padding(5)
+                        .Row(row =>
+                        {
+                            row.ConstantColumn(30).Text(counter++);
+                            row.RelativeColumn().Text(orderItem.ItemName);
+                            row.ConstantColumn(50).AlignRight().Text(orderItem.Count);
+                            row.ConstantColumn(50).AlignRight().Text($"{orderItem.Price}$");
+                            row.ConstantColumn(50).AlignRight().Text($"{orderItem.Count*orderItem.Price}$");
+                        });
+                });
+
+                var elementHeight = element.Size.Height;
+                    
+                if (totalHeight + elementHeight > context.AvailableSize.Height)
+                    break;
+                    
+                totalHeight += elementHeight;
+                yield return (orderItem, element);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public static class DynamicExamples
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public static void Dynamic()
+        {
+            RenderingTest
+                .Create()
+                .PageSize(PageSizes.A5)
+                .FileName()
+                .ShowResults()
+                .Render(container =>
+                {
+                    var items = Enumerable.Range(0, 25).Select(x => new OrderItem()).ToList();
+                    
+                    container
+                        .Background(Colors.White)
+                        .Padding(25)
+                        .Decoration(decoration =>
+                        {
+                            decoration
+                                .Header()
+                                .PaddingBottom(5)
+                                .Text(text =>
+                                {
+                                    text.DefaultTextStyle(TextStyle.Default.SemiBold().Color(Colors.Blue.Darken2).Size(16));
+                                    text.Span("Page ");
+                                    text.CurrentPageNumber();
+                                    text.Span(" of ");
+                                    text.TotalPages();
+                                });
+                            
+                            decoration
+                                .Content()
+                                .Dynamic(new OrdersTable(items));
+                        });
+                });
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.Examples/ElementExamples.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-using System;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using QuestPDF.Examples.Engine;
@@ -155,7 +154,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Examples
                 {
                     container
                         .Padding(25)
-                        .Debug("Grid example", Colors.Blue.Medium)
+                        .DebugArea("Grid example", Colors.Blue.Medium)
                         .Grid(grid =>
                         {
                             grid.Columns(3);
@@ -296,7 +295,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Examples
                             layers
                                 .Layer()
                                 .AlignBottom()
-                                .PageNumber("Page {pdf:currentPage}", TextStyle.Default.Size(16).Color(Colors.Green.Medium));
+                                .Text(text => text.CurrentPageNumber(TextStyle.Default.Size(16).Color(Colors.Green.Medium)));
                         });
                 });
         }
@@ -502,25 +501,49 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Examples
         {
             RenderingTest
                 .Create()
-                .PageSize(400, 250)
+                .PageSize(300, 175)
                 .FileName()
                 .Render(container =>
                 {
                     container
-                        .Padding(25)
-                        .Stack(stack =>
+                        .Background(Colors.White)
+                        .Padding(10)
+                        .Decoration(decoration =>
                         {
-                            var scales = new[] { 0.75f, 1f, 1.25f, 1.5f };
+                            var headerFontStyle = TextStyle
+                                .Default
+                                .Size(20)
+                                .Color(Colors.Blue.Darken2)
+                                .SemiBold();
+    
+                            decoration
+                                .Header()
+                                .PaddingBottom(10)
+                                .Text("Example: scale component", headerFontStyle);
+    
+                            decoration
+                                .Content()
+                                .Stack(stack =>
+                                {
+                                    var scales = new[] { 0.8f, 0.9f, 1.1f, 1.2f };
 
-                            foreach (var scale in scales)
-                            {
-                                stack
-                                    .Item()
-                                    .Border(1)
-                                    .Scale(scale)
-                                    .Padding(10)
-                                    .Text($"Content with {scale} scale.", TextStyle.Default.Size(20));
-                            }
+                                    foreach (var scale in scales)
+                                    {
+                                        var fontColor = scale <= 1f
+                                            ? Colors.Red.Lighten4
+                                            : Colors.Green.Lighten4;
+
+                                        var fontStyle = TextStyle.Default.Size(16);
+                
+                                        stack
+                                            .Item()
+                                            .Border(1)
+                                            .Background(fontColor)
+                                            .Scale(scale)
+                                            .Padding(5)
+                                            .Text($"Content with {scale} scale.", fontStyle);
+                                    }
+                                });
                         });
                 });
         }
@@ -558,7 +581,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Examples
         {
             RenderingTest
                 .Create()
-                .PageSize(350, 350)
+                .PageSize(650, 450)
                 .FileName()
                 .Render(container =>
                 {
@@ -572,8 +595,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Examples
                             foreach (var turns in Enumerable.Range(0, 4))
                             {
                                 grid.Item()
-                                    .Width(150)
-                                    .Height(150)
+                                    .Width(300)
+                                    .Height(200)
                                     .Background(Colors.Grey.Lighten2)
                                     .Padding(10)
                                     .Element(element =>

QuestPDF.Examples/Engine/RenderingTest.cs

@@ -1,18 +1,24 @@
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Fluent;
-using QuestPDF.Helpers;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Examples.Engine
 {
+    public enum RenderingTestResult
+    {
+        Pdf,
+        Images
+    }
+    
     public class RenderingTest
     {
         private string FileNamePrefix = "test";
         private Size Size { get; set; }
+        private bool ShowResult { get; set; }
+        private RenderingTestResult ResultType { get; set; } = RenderingTestResult.Images;
         
         private RenderingTest()
         {
@@ -30,9 +36,32 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Examples.Engine
             return this;
         }
         
+        public RenderingTest PageSize(Size size)
+        {
+            Size = size;
+            return this;
+        }
+        
         public RenderingTest PageSize(int width, int height)
         {
-            Size = new Size(width, height);
+            return PageSize(new Size(width, height));
+        }
+
+        public RenderingTest ProducePdf()
+        {
+            ResultType = RenderingTestResult.Pdf;
+            return this;
+        }
+        
+        public RenderingTest ProduceImages()
+        {
+            ResultType = RenderingTestResult.Images;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public RenderingTest ShowResults()
+        {
+            ShowResult = true;
             return this;
         }
         
@@ -40,13 +69,27 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Examples.Engine
         {
             var container = new Container();
             content(container);
-            
-            Func<int, string> fileNameSchema = i => $"{FileNamePrefix}-${i}.png";
 
-            var document = new SimpleDocument(container, Size);
-            document.GenerateImages(fileNameSchema);
+            var maxPages = ResultType == RenderingTestResult.Pdf ? 1000 : 10;
+            var document = new SimpleDocument(container, Size, maxPages);
 
-            Process.Start("explorer", fileNameSchema(0));
+            if (ResultType == RenderingTestResult.Images)
+            {
+                Func<int, string> fileNameSchema = i => $"{FileNamePrefix}-${i}.png";
+                document.GenerateImages(fileNameSchema);
+                
+                if (ShowResult)
+                    Process.Start("explorer", fileNameSchema(0));
+            }
+
+            if (ResultType == RenderingTestResult.Pdf)
+            {
+                var fileName = $"{FileNamePrefix}.pdf";
+                document.GeneratePdf(fileName);
+                
+                if (ShowResult)
+                    Process.Start("explorer", fileName);
+            }
         }
     }
 }

QuestPDF.Examples/Engine/SimpleDocument.cs

@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Examples.Engine
         
         private IContainer Container { get; }
         private Size Size { get; }
+        private int MaxPages { get; }
 
-        public SimpleDocument(IContainer container, Size size)
+        public SimpleDocument(IContainer container, Size size, int maxPages)
         {
             Container = container;
             Size = size;
+            MaxPages = maxPages;
         }
         
         public DocumentMetadata GetMetadata()
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Examples.Engine
             return new DocumentMetadata()
             {
                 RasterDpi = PageSizes.PointsPerInch * ImageScalingFactor,
-                DocumentLayoutExceptionThreshold = 10
+                DocumentLayoutExceptionThreshold = MaxPages
             };
         }
         

QuestPDF.Examples/FrameExample.cs

@@ -23,12 +23,13 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Examples
     public class FrameExample
     {
         [Test]
-        public void Frame(IContainer container)
+        public void Frame()
         {
             RenderingTest
                 .Create()
                 .PageSize(550, 400)
                 .FileName()
+                .ShowResults()
                 .Render(container =>
                 {
                     container

QuestPDF.Examples/Padding.cs

@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Examples
         {
             RenderingTest
                 .Create()
-                .PageSize(200, 150)
+                .PageSize(300, 300)
                 .FileName()
+                .ShowResults()
                 .Render(container =>
                 {
                     container
@@ -50,7 +51,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Examples
                 
                         .Background("FFF")
                         .Padding(5)
-                        .Text("Sample text", TextStyle.Default.FontType("Segoe UI emoji").Alignment(HorizontalAlignment.Center));
+                        .AlignCenter()
+                        .Text("Sample text", TextStyle.Default.FontType("Segoe UI emoji"));
                 });
         }
         

QuestPDF.Examples/QuestPDF.Examples.csproj

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
     </PropertyGroup>
 
     <ItemGroup>
-        <PackageReference Include="nunit" Version="3.12.0" />
-        <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="3.15.1" />
+        <PackageReference Include="nunit" Version="3.13.2" />
+        <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.0.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="16.4.0" />
-        <PackageReference Include="SkiaSharp" Version="2.80.2" />
+        <PackageReference Include="SkiaSharp" Version="2.80.3" />
     </ItemGroup>
 
     <ItemGroup>
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
     </ItemGroup>
 
     <ItemGroup>
+      <None Update="quo-vadis.txt">
+        <CopyToOutputDirectory>Always</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+      </None>
       <None Update="LibreBarcode39-Regular.ttf">
         <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
       </None>

QuestPDF.Examples/TextBenchmark.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Examples.Engine;
+using QuestPDF.Fluent;
+using QuestPDF.Helpers;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.Examples
+{
+    public class TextBenchmark
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Generate()
+        {
+            var chapters = GetBookChapters().ToList();
+            
+            RenderingTest
+                .Create()
+                .PageSize(PageSizes.A4)
+                .FileName()
+                .ProducePdf()
+                .ShowResults()
+                .Render(x => ComposeBook(x, chapters));
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Benchmark()
+        {
+            var chapters = GetBookChapters().ToList();
+  
+            var results = PerformTest(16).ToList();
+ 
+            Console.WriteLine($"Min: {results.Min():F}");
+            Console.WriteLine($"Max: {results.Max():F}");
+            Console.WriteLine($"Avg: {results.Average():F}");
+            
+            void GenerateDocument()
+            {
+                RenderingTest
+                    .Create()
+                    .PageSize(PageSizes.A4)
+                    .FileName()
+                    .ProducePdf()
+                    .Render(x => ComposeBook(x, chapters));
+            }
+
+            IEnumerable<float> PerformTest(int attempts)
+            {
+                foreach (var i in Enumerable.Range(0, attempts))
+                {
+                    var timer = new Stopwatch();
+                
+                    timer.Start();
+                    GenerateDocument();
+                    timer.Stop();
+
+                    Console.WriteLine($"Attempt {i}: {timer.ElapsedMilliseconds:F}");
+                    yield return timer.ElapsedMilliseconds;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        class BookChapter
+        {
+            public string Title { get; set; }
+            public string Content { get; set; }
+        }
+        
+        private static IEnumerable<BookChapter> GetBookChapters()
+        {
+            var book = File.ReadAllLines("quo-vadis.txt");
+            
+            var chapterPointers = book
+                .Select((line, index) => new
+                {
+                    LineNumber = index,
+                    Text = line
+                })
+                .Where(x => x.Text.Length < 50 && x.Text.Contains("Rozdział") || x.Text.Contains("-----"))
+                .Select(x => x.LineNumber)
+                .ToList();
+
+            foreach (var index in Enumerable.Range(0, chapterPointers.Count - 1))
+            {
+                var chapter = chapterPointers[index];
+                    
+                var title = book[chapter];
+                    
+                var lineFrom = chapterPointers[index];
+                var lineTo = chapterPointers[index + 1] - 1;
+
+                var lines = book.Skip(lineFrom + 1).Take(lineTo - lineFrom).Where(x => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(x));
+                var content = string.Join(Environment.NewLine, lines);
+
+                yield return new BookChapter
+                {
+                    Title = title,
+                    Content = content
+                };
+            }
+        }
+        
+        private void ComposeBook(IContainer container, ICollection<BookChapter> chapters)
+        {
+            var subtitleStyle = TextStyle.Default.Size(24).SemiBold().Color(Colors.Blue.Medium);
+            var normalStyle = TextStyle.Default.Size(14);
+            
+            ComposePage(container);
+
+            void ComposePage(IContainer container)
+            {
+                container
+                    .Padding(50)
+                    .Decoration(decoration =>
+                    {
+                        decoration
+                            .Content()
+                            .Stack(stack =>
+                            {
+                                stack.Item().Element(Title);
+                                stack.Item().PageBreak();
+                                stack.Item().Element(TableOfContents);
+                                stack.Item().PageBreak();
+
+                                Chapters(stack);
+
+                                stack.Item().Element(Acknowledgements);
+                            });
+
+                        decoration.Footer().Element(Footer);
+                    });
+            }
+            
+            void Title(IContainer container)
+            {
+                container
+                    .Extend()
+                    .PaddingBottom(200)
+                    .AlignBottom()
+                    .Stack(stack =>
+                    {
+                        stack.Item().Text("Quo Vadis", TextStyle.Default.Size(72).Bold().Color(Colors.Blue.Darken2));
+                        stack.Item().Text("Henryk Sienkiewicz", TextStyle.Default.Size(24).Color(Colors.Grey.Darken2));
+                    });
+            }
+
+            void TableOfContents(IContainer container)
+            {
+                container.Stack(stack =>
+                {
+                    SectionTitle(stack, "Spis treści");
+                    
+                    foreach (var chapter in chapters)
+                    {
+                        stack.Item().InternalLink(chapter.Title).Row(row =>
+                        {
+                            row.RelativeColumn().Text(chapter.Title, normalStyle);
+                            row.ConstantColumn(100).AlignRight().Text(text => text.PageNumberOfLocation(chapter.Title, normalStyle));
+                        });
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+
+            void Chapters(StackDescriptor stack)
+            {
+                foreach (var chapter in chapters)
+                {
+                    stack.Item().Element(container => Chapter(container, chapter.Title, chapter.Content));
+                }
+            }
+            
+            void Chapter(IContainer container, string title, string content)
+            {
+                container.Stack(stack =>
+                {
+                    SectionTitle(stack, title);
+  
+                    stack.Item().Text(text =>
+                    {
+                        text.ParagraphSpacing(5);
+                        text.Span(content, normalStyle);
+                    });
+                    
+                    stack.Item().PageBreak();
+                });
+            }
+
+            void Acknowledgements(IContainer container)
+            {
+                container.Stack(stack =>
+                {
+                    SectionTitle(stack, "Podziękowania");
+                    
+                    stack.Item().Text(text =>
+                    {
+                        text.DefaultTextStyle(normalStyle);
+                        
+                        text.Span("Ten dokument został wygenerowany na podstawie książki w formacie TXT opublikowanej w serwisie ");
+                        text.ExternalLocation("wolnelektury.pl", "https://wolnelektury.pl/", normalStyle.Color(Colors.Blue.Medium).Underline());
+                        text.Span(". Dziękuję za wspieranie polskiego czytelnictwa!");
+                    });
+                });
+            }
+
+            void SectionTitle(StackDescriptor stack, string text)
+            {
+                stack.Item().Location(text).Text(text, subtitleStyle);
+                stack.Item().PaddingTop(10).PaddingBottom(50).BorderBottom(1).BorderColor(Colors.Grey.Lighten2).ExtendHorizontal();
+            }
+            
+            void Footer(IContainer container)
+            {
+                container
+                    .AlignCenter()
+                    .Text(text =>
+                    {
+                        text.CurrentPageNumber();
+                        text.Span(" / ");
+                        text.TotalPages();
+                    });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.Examples/TextExamples.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Examples.Engine;
+using QuestPDF.Fluent;
+using QuestPDF.Helpers;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.Examples
+{
+    public class TextExamples
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void SimpleTextBlock()
+        {
+            RenderingTest
+                .Create()
+                .PageSize(500, 300)
+                .FileName()
+                .ProduceImages()
+                .ShowResults()
+                .Render(container =>
+                {
+                    container
+                        .Padding(5)
+                        .Box()
+                        .Border(1)
+                        .Padding(10)
+                        .Text(text =>
+                        {
+                            text.DefaultTextStyle(TextStyle.Default.Size(20));
+                            text.Span("This is a normal text, followed by an ");
+                            text.Span("underlined red text.", TextStyle.Default.Size(20).Color(Colors.Red.Medium).Underline());
+                        });
+                });
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void ParagraphSpacing()
+        {
+            RenderingTest
+                .Create()
+                .PageSize(500, 300)
+                .FileName()
+                .ProduceImages()
+                .ShowResults()
+                .Render(container =>
+                {
+                    container
+                        .Padding(5)
+                        .Box()
+                        .Border(1)
+                        .Padding(10)
+                        .Text(text =>
+                        {
+                            text.ParagraphSpacing(10);
+    
+                            foreach (var i in Enumerable.Range(1, 3))
+                            {
+                                text.Span($"Paragraph {i}: ", TextStyle.Default.SemiBold());
+                                text.Line(Placeholders.Paragraph());
+                            }
+                        });
+                });
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void CustomElement()
+        {
+            RenderingTest
+                .Create()
+                .PageSize(500, 200)
+                .FileName()
+                .ProduceImages()
+                .ShowResults()
+                .Render(container =>
+                {
+                    container
+                        .Padding(5)
+                        .Box()
+                        .Border(1)
+                        .Padding(10)
+                        .Text(text =>
+                        {
+                            text.DefaultTextStyle(TextStyle.Default.Size(20));
+                            text.Span("This is a random image aligned to the baseline: ");
+                            
+                            text.Element()
+                                .PaddingBottom(-6)
+                                .Height(24)
+                                .Width(48)
+                                .Image(Placeholders.Image);
+                            
+                            text.Span(".");
+                        });
+                });
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void TextElements()
+        {
+            RenderingTest
+                .Create()
+                .PageSize(PageSizes.A4)
+                .FileName()
+                .ProducePdf()
+                .ShowResults()
+                .Render(container =>
+                {
+                    container
+                        .Padding(20)
+                        .Padding(10)
+                        .Box()
+                        .Border(1)
+                        .Padding(5)
+                        .Padding(10)
+                        .Text(text =>
+                        {
+                            text.DefaultTextStyle(TextStyle.Default);
+                            text.AlignLeft();
+                            text.ParagraphSpacing(10);
+
+                            text.Line(Placeholders.LoremIpsum());
+
+                            text.Span($"This is target text that should show up. {DateTime.UtcNow:T} > This is a short sentence that will be wrapped into second line hopefully, right? <", TextStyle.Default.Underline());
+                        });
+                });
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void TextStack()
+        {
+            RenderingTest
+                .Create()
+                .PageSize(PageSizes.A4)
+                .FileName()
+                .ProducePdf()
+                .ShowResults()
+                .Render(container =>
+                {
+                    container
+                        .Padding(20)
+                        .Padding(10)
+                        .Box()
+                        .Border(1)
+                        .Padding(5)
+                        .Padding(10)
+                        .Text(text =>
+                        {
+                            text.DefaultTextStyle(TextStyle.Default);
+                            text.AlignLeft();
+                            text.ParagraphSpacing(10);
+                            
+                            foreach (var i in Enumerable.Range(1, 100))
+                                text.Line($"{i}: {Placeholders.Paragraph()}");
+                        });
+                });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SpaceIssue()
+        {
+            RenderingTest
+                .Create()
+                .PageSize(PageSizes.A4)
+                .FileName()
+                .ProducePdf()
+                .ShowResults()
+                .Render(container =>
+                {
+                    container
+                        .Padding(20)
+                        .Padding(10)
+                        .Box()
+                        .Border(1)
+                        .Padding(5)
+                        .Padding(10)
+                        .Text(text =>
+                        {
+                            text.DefaultTextStyle(TextStyle.Default);
+                            text.AlignLeft();
+                            text.ParagraphSpacing(10);
+
+                            text.Span(Placeholders.LoremIpsum());
+
+                            text.EmptyLine();
+
+                            text.Span("This text is a normal text, ");
+                            text.Span("this is a bold text, ", TextStyle.Default.Bold());
+                            text.Span("this is a red and underlined text, ", TextStyle.Default.Color(Colors.Red.Medium).Underline());
+                            text.Span("and this is slightly bigger text.", TextStyle.Default.Size(16));
+
+                            text.EmptyLine();
+
+                            text.Span("The new text element also supports injecting custom content between words: ");
+                            text.Element().PaddingBottom(-10).Height(16).Width(32).Image(Placeholders.Image);
+                            text.Span(".");
+
+                            text.EmptyLine();
+
+                            text.Span("This is page number ");
+                            text.CurrentPageNumber();
+                            text.Span(" out of ");
+                            text.TotalPages();
+
+                            text.EmptyLine();
+
+                            text.ExternalLocation("Please visit QuestPDF website", "https://www.questpdf.com");
+
+                            text.EmptyLine();
+
+                            text.Span(Placeholders.Paragraphs());
+                            
+                            
+                            text.EmptyLine();
+
+                            text.Span(Placeholders.Paragraphs(), TextStyle.Default.Italic());
+                            
+                            text.Line("This is target text that does not show up. " + Placeholders.Paragraph());
+                        });
+                });
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void HugeList()
+        {
+            RenderingTest
+                .Create()
+                .PageSize(PageSizes.A4)
+                .FileName()
+                .ProducePdf()
+                .ShowResults()
+                .Render(container =>
+                {
+                    container
+                        .Padding(20)
+                        .Padding(10)
+                        .Box()
+                        .Border(1)
+                        .Padding(5)
+                        .Padding(10)
+                        .Text(text =>
+                        {
+                            text.DefaultTextStyle(TextStyle.Default);
+                            text.AlignLeft();
+                            text.ParagraphSpacing(10);
+
+                            text.Span("This text is a normal text, ");
+                            text.Span("this is a bold text, ", TextStyle.Default.Bold());
+                            text.Span("this is a red and underlined text, ", TextStyle.Default.Color(Colors.Red.Medium).Underline());
+                            text.Span("and this is slightly bigger text.", TextStyle.Default.Size(16));
+                            
+                            text.Span("The new text element also supports injecting custom content between words: ");
+                            text.Element().PaddingBottom(-10).Height(16).Width(32).Image(Placeholders.Image);
+                            text.Span(".");
+                            
+                            text.EmptyLine();
+                            
+                            foreach (var i in Enumerable.Range(1, 100))
+                            {
+                                text.Line($"{i}: {Placeholders.Paragraph()}");
+
+                                text.ExternalLocation("Please visit QuestPDF website", "https://www.questpdf.com");
+                                
+                                text.Span("This is page number ");
+                                text.CurrentPageNumber();
+                                text.Span(" out of ");
+                                text.TotalPages();
+                                
+                                text.EmptyLine();
+                            }
+                        });
+                });
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.ReportSample/DataSource.cs

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.ReportSample
                 HeaderFields = HeaderFields(),
                 
                 LogoData = Helpers.GetImage("Logo.png"),
-                Sections = Enumerable.Range(0, 50).Select(x => GenerateSection()).ToList(),
-                Photos = Enumerable.Range(0, 30).Select(x => GetReportPhotos()).ToList()
+                Sections = Enumerable.Range(0, 40).Select(x => GenerateSection()).ToList(),
+                Photos = Enumerable.Range(0, 25).Select(x => GetReportPhotos()).ToList()
             };
 
             List<ReportHeaderField> HeaderFields()

QuestPDF.ReportSample/Helpers.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.ReportSample
 {
     public static class Helpers
     {
-        public static Random Random { get; } = new Random();
+        public static Random Random { get; } = new Random(1);
         
         public static string GetTestItem(string path) => Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "Resources", path);
 

QuestPDF.ReportSample/Layouts/PhotoTemplate.cs

@@ -30,14 +30,14 @@ namespace QuestPDF.ReportSample.Layouts
             container
                 .Row(row =>
                 {
-                    row.RelativeColumn(2).AspectRatio(4 / 3f).Image(Placeholders.Image);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(2).AspectRatio(4 / 3f).Background(Colors.Grey.Lighten3);
 
                     row.RelativeColumn().PaddingLeft(5).Stack(stack =>
                     {
                         stack.Spacing(7f);
                         
-                        stack.Item().AspectRatio(4 / 3f).Image(Placeholders.Image);
-                        stack.Item().AspectRatio(4 / 3f).Image(Placeholders.Image);
+                        stack.Item().AspectRatio(4 / 3f).Background(Colors.Grey.Lighten3);
+                        stack.Item().AspectRatio(4 / 3f).Background(Colors.Grey.Lighten3);
                     });
                 });
         }

QuestPDF.ReportSample/Layouts/SectionTemplate.cs

@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ namespace QuestPDF.ReportSample.Layouts
                     {
                         foreach (var part in Model.Parts)
                         {
-                            stack.Item().Row(row =>
+                            stack.Item().EnsureSpace(25).Row(row =>
                             {
                                 row.ConstantColumn(150).LabelCell().Text(part.Label, Typography.Normal);
                                 var frame = row.RelativeColumn().ValueCell();
                             
                                 if (part is ReportSectionText text)
-                                    frame.Text(text.Text, Typography.Normal);
+                                    frame.ShowEntire().Text(text.Text, Typography.Normal);
                         
                                 if (part is ReportSectionMap map)
                                     frame.Element(x => MapElement(x, map));
@@ -59,25 +59,25 @@ namespace QuestPDF.ReportSample.Layouts
             {
                 stack.Spacing(5);
                 
-                stack.Item().MaxWidth(250).AspectRatio(4 / 3f).Image(Placeholders.Image);
+                stack.Item().MaxWidth(250).AspectRatio(4 / 3f).Background(Colors.Grey.Lighten3);
                 stack.Item().Text(model.Location.Format(), Typography.Normal);
             });
         }
         
         void PhotosElement(IContainer container, ReportSectionPhotos model)
         {
-            if (model.Photos.Count == 0)
+            if (model.Photos.Count == 0) 
             {
                 container.Text("No photos", Typography.Normal);
                 return;
             }
 
-            container.Debug("Photos").Grid(grid =>
+            container.DebugArea("Photos").Grid(grid =>
             {
                 grid.Spacing(5);
                 grid.Columns(3);
                 
-                model.Photos.ForEach(x => grid.Item().AspectRatio(4 / 3f).Image(Placeholders.Image));
+                model.Photos.ForEach(x => grid.Item().AspectRatio(4 / 3f).Background(Colors.Grey.Lighten3));
             });
         }
     }

QuestPDF.ReportSample/Layouts/StandardReport.cs

@@ -34,7 +34,15 @@ namespace QuestPDF.ReportSample.Layouts
                         
                     page.Header().Element(ComposeHeader);
                     page.Content().Element(ComposeContent);
-                    page.Footer().AlignCenter().PageNumber();
+                    
+                    page.Footer().AlignCenter().Text(text =>
+                    {
+                        text.DefaultTextStyle(Typography.Normal);
+                        
+                        text.CurrentPageNumber();
+                        text.Span(" / ");
+                        text.TotalPages();
+                    });
                 });
         }
 
@@ -47,7 +55,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.ReportSample.Layouts
                     row.Spacing(50);
                     
                     row.RelativeColumn().PaddingTop(-10).Text(Model.Title, Typography.Title);
-                    row.ConstantColumn(150).ExternalLink("https://www.questpdf.com").Image(Model.LogoData);
+                    row.ConstantColumn(150).ExternalLink("https://www.questpdf.com").Background(Colors.Grey.Lighten3);
                 });
 
                 stack.Item().ShowOnce().PaddingVertical(15).Border(1f).BorderColor(Colors.Grey.Lighten1).ExtendHorizontal();
@@ -59,10 +67,10 @@ namespace QuestPDF.ReportSample.Layouts
                         
                     foreach (var field in Model.HeaderFields)
                     {
-                        grid.Item().Stack(row =>
-                        {   
-                            row.Item().AlignLeft().Text(field.Label, Typography.Normal.SemiBold());
-                            row.Item().Text(field.Value, Typography.Normal);
+                        grid.Item().Text(text =>
+                        {
+                            text.Span($"{field.Label}: ", Typography.Normal.SemiBold());
+                            text.Span(field.Value, Typography.Normal);
                         });
                     }
                 });
@@ -77,6 +85,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.ReportSample.Layouts
 
                 stack.Item().Component(new TableOfContentsTemplate(Model.Sections));
                 
+                stack.Item().PageBreak();
+                
                 foreach (var section in Model.Sections)
                     stack.Item().Location(section.Title).Component(new SectionTemplate(section));
 

QuestPDF.ReportSample/Layouts/TableOfContentsTemplate.cs

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.ReportSample.Layouts
                 {
                     row.ConstantColumn(25).Text($"{number}.", Typography.Normal);
                     row.RelativeColumn().Text(locationName, Typography.Normal);
-                    row.ConstantColumn(150).AlignRight().PageNumber($"Page {{pdf:{locationName}}}", Typography.Normal.AlignRight());
+                    row.ConstantColumn(150).AlignRight().Text(text => text.PageNumberOfLocation(locationName, Typography.Normal));
                 });
         }
     }

QuestPDF.ReportSample/PerformanceTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Linq;
+using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
+using BenchmarkDotNet.Configs;
+using BenchmarkDotNet.Engines;
+using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestPlatform.TestHost;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing.Proxy;
+using QuestPDF.Elements;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+using QuestPDF.ReportSample.Layouts;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.ReportSample
+{
+    [SimpleJob(RunStrategy.Monitoring, launchCount: 0, warmupCount: 1, targetCount: 100)]
+    [MinColumn, MaxColumn, MeanColumn, MedianColumn]
+    public class PerformanceTests
+    {
+        private PageContext PageContext { get; set; }
+        private DocumentMetadata Metadata { get; set; }
+        private Container Content { get; set; }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Run()
+        {
+            var configuration = ManualConfig
+                .Create(DefaultConfig.Instance)
+                .WithOptions(ConfigOptions.DisableOptimizationsValidator);
+            
+            BenchmarkRunner.Run<PerformanceTests>(configuration);
+        }
+        
+        [IterationSetup]
+        public void GenerateReportData()
+        {
+            var model = DataSource.GetReport();
+            var report = new StandardReport(model);
+            Metadata = report.GetMetadata();
+            
+            var documentContainer = new DocumentContainer();
+            report.Compose(documentContainer);
+            Content = documentContainer.Compose();
+
+            PageContext = new PageContext();
+            DocumentGenerator.RenderPass(PageContext, new FreeCanvas(), Content, Metadata, null);
+
+            var sw = new Stopwatch();
+            sw.Start();
+
+            Content.HandleVisitor(x =>
+            {
+                if (x is ICacheable)
+                    x.CreateProxy(y => new CacheProxy(y));
+            });
+            
+            sw.Stop();
+            Console.WriteLine($"Creating cache took: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds}");
+        }
+
+        [Benchmark]
+        public void GenerationTest()
+        {
+            DocumentGenerator.RenderPass(PageContext, new FreeCanvas(), Content, Metadata, null);
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.ReportSample/QuestPDF.ReportSample.csproj

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
     </PropertyGroup>
 
     <ItemGroup>
-        <PackageReference Include="DeepCloner" Version="0.10.2" />
-        <PackageReference Include="nunit" Version="3.12.0" />
-        <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="3.17.0" />
-        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="16.5.0" />
-        <PackageReference Include="SkiaSharp" Version="2.80.2" />
+        <PackageReference Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="0.13.1" />
+        <PackageReference Include="nunit" Version="3.13.2" />
+        <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.0.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="16.11.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="SkiaSharp" Version="2.80.3" />
     </ItemGroup>
 
     <ItemGroup>

QuestPDF.ReportSample/Tests.cs

@@ -3,62 +3,45 @@ using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Fluent;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using QuestPDF.ReportSample.Layouts;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.ReportSample
 {
     public class ReportGeneration
     {
+        private StandardReport Report { get; set; }
+        
+        [SetUp]
+        public void SetUp()
+        {
+            var model = DataSource.GetReport();
+            Report = new StandardReport(model);
+        }
+        
         [Test] 
         public void GenerateAndShow()
         {
-            var reportModel = DataSource.GetReport();
-            var report = new StandardReport(reportModel);
-            
             var path = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, $"test_result.pdf");
-            report.GeneratePdf(path);
+            Report.GeneratePdf(path);
             
             Process.Start("explorer.exe", path);
         }
-
+        
         [Test] 
-        public void PerformanceBenchmark()
+        public void Profile()
         {
-            // target document length should be around 100 pages
+            var container = new DocumentContainer();
+            Report.Compose(container);
+            var content = container.Compose();
             
-            // test size
-            const int testSize = 100;
-            const decimal performanceTarget = 1; // documents per second
+            var metadata = Report.GetMetadata();
+            var pageContext = new PageContext();
 
-            // create report models
-            var reports = Enumerable
-                .Range(0, testSize)
-                .Select(x =>
-                {
-                    var reportModel = DataSource.GetReport();
-                    return new StandardReport(reportModel);
-                })
-                .ToList();
-
-            // generate documents
-            var sw = new Stopwatch();
-            
-            sw.Start();
-            var totalSize = reports.Select(x => x.GeneratePdf()).Sum(x => (long)x.Length);
-            sw.Stop();
-
-            // show summary
-            Console.WriteLine($"Total size: {totalSize:N0} bytes");
-            
-            var performance = sw.ElapsedMilliseconds / (decimal)testSize;
-            var speed = 1000M / performance;
-            Console.WriteLine($"Test time: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds} ms");
-            Console.WriteLine($"Time per document: {performance:N} ms");
-            Console.WriteLine($"Documents per second: {speed:N} d/s");
-
-            if (speed < performanceTarget)
-                throw new Exception("Rendering algorithm is too slow.");
+            DocumentGenerator.RenderPass(pageContext, new FreeCanvas(), content, metadata, null);
+            DocumentGenerator.RenderPass(pageContext, new FreeCanvas(), content, metadata, null);
         }
     }
 }

QuestPDF.ReportSample/Typography.cs

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ namespace QuestPDF.ReportSample
     {
         public static TextStyle Title => TextStyle.Default.FontType(Fonts.Calibri).Color(Colors.Blue.Darken3).Size(26).Black();
         public static TextStyle Headline => TextStyle.Default.FontType(Fonts.Calibri).Color(Colors.Blue.Medium).Size(16).SemiBold();
-        public static TextStyle Normal => TextStyle.Default.FontType(Fonts.Calibri).Color(Colors.Black).Size(11).LineHeight(1.25f).AlignLeft();
+        public static TextStyle Normal => TextStyle.Default.FontType(Fonts.Calibri).Color(Colors.Black).Size(11).LineHeight(1.1f);
     }
 }

QuestPDF.UnitTests/AlignmentTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
@@ -10,11 +10,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
     public class AlignmentTests
     {
         [Test]
-        public void Measure_ShouldHandleNullChild() => new Alignment().MeasureWithoutChild();
-        
-        [Test]
-        public void Draw_ShouldHandleNullChild() => new Alignment().DrawWithoutChild();
-
+        public void Measure() => SimpleContainerTests.Measure<Alignment>();
         [Test]
         public void Draw_HorizontalCenter_VerticalCenter()
         {
@@ -27,7 +23,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Child = x.CreateChild()
                 })
                 .DrawElement(new Size(1000, 500))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(expectedInput: new Size(1000, 500), returns: new PartialRender(new Size(400, 200)))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(expectedInput: new Size(1000, 500), returns: SpacePlan.PartialRender(new Size(400, 200)))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(new Position(300, 150))
                 .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(400, 200))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(new Position(-300, -150))
@@ -46,7 +42,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Child = x.CreateChild()
                 })
                 .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(expectedInput: new Size(400, 300), returns: new FullRender(new Size(100, 50)))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(expectedInput: new Size(400, 300), returns: SpacePlan.FullRender(new Size(100, 50)))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(new Position(0, 125))
                 .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(100, 50))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(new Position(0, -125))
@@ -65,7 +61,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Child = x.CreateChild()
                 })
                 .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(expectedInput: new Size(400, 300), returns: new FullRender(new Size(100, 50)))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(expectedInput: new Size(400, 300), returns: SpacePlan.FullRender(new Size(100, 50)))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(new Position(150, 250))
                 .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(100, 50))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(new Position(-150, -250))
@@ -84,7 +80,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Child = x.CreateChild()
                 })
                 .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(expectedInput: new Size(400, 300), returns: new FullRender(new Size(100, 50)))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(expectedInput: new Size(400, 300), returns: SpacePlan.FullRender(new Size(100, 50)))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(new Position(300, 0))
                 .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(100, 50))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(new Position(-300, 0))

QuestPDF.UnitTests/AspectRatioTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
@@ -9,12 +9,6 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
     [TestFixture]
     public class AspectRatioTests
     {
-        [Test]
-        public void Measure_ShouldHandleNullChild() => new AspectRatio().MeasureWithoutChild();
-        
-        [Test]
-        public void Draw_ShouldHandleNullChild() => new AspectRatio().DrawWithoutChild();
-        
         [Test]
         public void Measure_FitWidth_EnoughSpace_FullRender()
         {
@@ -26,8 +20,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Ratio = 2f
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 201))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), new FullRender(100, 50))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(400, 200));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.FullRender(100, 50))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(400, 200));
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -41,8 +35,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Ratio = 2f
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 201))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), new PartialRender(100, 50))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new PartialRender(400, 200));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.PartialRender(100, 50))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(400, 200));
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -56,8 +50,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Ratio = 2f
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 201))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), new Wrap())
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -71,8 +65,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Ratio = 2f
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 201))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), new FullRender(100, 50))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(400, 200));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.FullRender(100, 50))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(400, 200));
         }
 
         [Test]
@@ -86,7 +80,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Ratio = 2f
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 199))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -100,8 +94,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Ratio = 2f
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(401, 200))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), new FullRender(100, 50))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(400, 200));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.FullRender(100, 50))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(400, 200));
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -115,7 +109,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Ratio = 2f
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(399, 200))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -129,8 +123,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Ratio = 2f
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), new FullRender(100, 50))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(400, 200));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.FullRender(100, 50))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(400, 200));
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -144,8 +138,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Ratio = 2f
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(500, 200))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), new FullRender(100, 50))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(400, 200));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.FullRender(100, 50))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(400, 200));
         }
         
         [Test]

QuestPDF.UnitTests/BackgroundTests.cs

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
     public class BackgroundTests
     {
         [Test]
-        public void Measure_ShouldHandleNullChild() => new Background().MeasureWithoutChild();
-
+        public void Measure() => SimpleContainerTests.Measure<Background>();
+        
         [Test]
         public void Draw_ShouldHandleNullChild()
         {

QuestPDF.UnitTests/BorderTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Helpers;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
     public class BorderTests
     {
         [Test]
-        public void Measure_ShouldHandleNullChild() => new Border().MeasureWithoutChild();
-
+        public void Measure() => SimpleContainerTests.Measure<Border>();
+        
         [Test]
         public void ComponentShouldNotAffectLayout()
         {
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Child = x.CreateChild()
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(expectedInput: new Size(400, 300), returns: new FullRender(new Size(100, 50)))
-                .CheckMeasureResult( new FullRender(new Size(100, 50)));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(expectedInput: new Size(400, 300), returns: SpacePlan.FullRender(new Size(100, 50)))
+                .CheckMeasureResult( SpacePlan.FullRender(new Size(100, 50)));
         }
         
         [Test]

QuestPDF.UnitTests/BoxTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
+using QuestPDF.Elements;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class BoxTests
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure() => SimpleContainerTests.Measure<Box>();
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw_Wrap()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Box
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild()
+                })
+                .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(expectedInput: new Size(400, 300), returns: SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_PartialRender()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Box
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild()
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(expectedInput: new Size(400, 300), returns: SpacePlan.PartialRender(200, 100))
+                .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(200, 100))
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_FullRender()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Box
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild()
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(500, 400))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(expectedInput: new Size(500, 400), returns: SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 200))
+                .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(300, 200))
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/ConstrainedTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
@@ -9,12 +9,6 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
     [TestFixture]
     public class ConstrainedTests
     {
-        [Test]
-        public void Measure_ShouldHandleNullChild() => new Constrained().MeasureWithoutChild();
-        
-        [Test]
-        public void Draw_ShouldHandleNullChild() => new Constrained().DrawWithoutChild();
-
         [Test]
         public void Measure_MinHeight_ExpectWrap()
         {
@@ -24,7 +18,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     MinHeight = 100
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 50))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -37,8 +31,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Child = x.CreateChild()
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 200))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), new FullRender(400, 50))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(400, 100));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.FullRender(400, 50))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(400, 100));
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -51,8 +45,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Child = x.CreateChild()
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 200))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), new FullRender(400, 150))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(400, 150));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.FullRender(400, 150))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(400, 150));
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -64,7 +58,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     MaxHeight = 100
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 150))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(0, 0));
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(0, 0));
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -77,8 +71,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Child = x.CreateChild()
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 200))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 100), new PartialRender(400, 75))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new PartialRender(400, 75));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 100), SpacePlan.PartialRender(400, 75))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(400, 75));
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -91,8 +85,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Child = x.CreateChild()
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 200))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 100), new Wrap())
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 100), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
     }
 }

QuestPDF.UnitTests/DebugTests.cs

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-using NUnit.Framework;
-
-namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
-{
-    [TestFixture]
-    public class DebugTests
-    {
-        
-    }
-}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/DecorationTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
@@ -15,78 +15,78 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
         public void Measure_ReturnsWrap_WhenDecorationReturnsWrap()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleDecoration
+                .For(x => new BinaryDecoration
                 {
                     Type = DecorationType.Append,
                     DecorationElement = x.CreateChild("decoration"),
                     ContentElement = x.CreateChild("content")
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("decoration", new Size(400, 300), new Wrap())
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("decoration", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
         public void Measure_ReturnsWrap_WhenDecorationReturnsPartialRender()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleDecoration
+                .For(x => new BinaryDecoration
                 {
                     Type = DecorationType.Append,
                     DecorationElement = x.CreateChild("decoration"),
                     ContentElement = x.CreateChild("content")
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("decoration", new Size(400, 300), new PartialRender(300, 200))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("decoration", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.PartialRender(300, 200))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
         public void Measure_ReturnsWrap_WhenContentReturnsWrap()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleDecoration
+                .For(x => new BinaryDecoration
                 {
                     Type = DecorationType.Append,
                     DecorationElement = x.CreateChild("decoration"),
                     ContentElement = x.CreateChild("content")
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("decoration", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(300, 100))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("content", new Size(400, 200), new Wrap())
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("decoration", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 100))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("content", new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
         public void Measure_ReturnsPartialRender_WhenContentReturnsPartialRender()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleDecoration
+                .For(x => new BinaryDecoration
                 {
                     Type = DecorationType.Append,
                     DecorationElement = x.CreateChild("decoration"),
                     ContentElement = x.CreateChild("content")
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("decoration", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(300, 100))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("content", new Size(400, 200), new PartialRender(200, 150))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new PartialRender(400, 250));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("decoration", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 100))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("content", new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.PartialRender(200, 150))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(400, 250));
         }
         
         [Test]
         public void Measure_ReturnsFullRender_WhenContentReturnsFullRender()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleDecoration
+                .For(x => new BinaryDecoration
                 {
                     Type = DecorationType.Append,
                     DecorationElement = x.CreateChild("decoration"),
                     ContentElement = x.CreateChild("content")
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("decoration", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(300, 100))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("content", new Size(400, 200), new FullRender(200, 150))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(400, 250));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("decoration", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 100))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("content", new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.FullRender(200, 150))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(400, 250));
         }
         
         #endregion
@@ -97,14 +97,14 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
         public void Draw_Prepend()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleDecoration
+                .For(x => new BinaryDecoration
                 {
                     Type = DecorationType.Prepend,
                     DecorationElement = x.CreateChild("decoration"),
                     ContentElement = x.CreateChild("content")
                 })
                 .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("decoration", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(300, 100))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("decoration", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 100))
                 .ExpectChildDraw("decoration", new Size(400, 100))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, 100)
                 .ExpectChildDraw("content", new Size(400, 200))
@@ -116,14 +116,14 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
         public void Draw_Append()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleDecoration
+                .For(x => new BinaryDecoration
                 {
                     Type = DecorationType.Append,
                     DecorationElement = x.CreateChild("decoration"),
                     ContentElement = x.CreateChild("content")
                 })
                 .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("decoration", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(300, 100))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("decoration", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 100))
                 .ExpectChildDraw("content", new Size(400, 200))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, 200)
                 .ExpectChildDraw("decoration", new Size(400, 100))

QuestPDF.UnitTests/DynamicImageTests.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 using FluentAssertions;
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Source = GenerateImage
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(300, 200))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(300, 200));
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 200));
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
         [Test]
         public void Draw_PassesCorrectSizeToSource()
         {
-            Size passedSize = null;
+            Size passedSize = default;
 
             TestPlan
                 .For(x => new DynamicImage

QuestPDF.UnitTests/EnsureSpaceTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     MinHeight = 200
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 100))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 100), new Wrap())
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 100), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     MinHeight = 200
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 100))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 100), new PartialRender(300, 50))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 100), SpacePlan.PartialRender(300, 50))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     MinHeight = 200
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 300), new PartialRender(300, 250))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new PartialRender(300, 250));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.PartialRender(300, 250))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(300, 250));
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     MinHeight = 200
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 100))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 100), new FullRender(300, 50))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(300, 50));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 100), SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 50))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 50));
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -75,8 +75,11 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     MinHeight = 200
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(300, 250))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(300, 250));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 250))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 250));
         }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw() => SimpleContainerTests.Draw<EnsureSpace>();
     }
 }

QuestPDF.UnitTests/ExtendTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
@@ -9,12 +9,6 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
     [TestFixture]
     public class ExtendTests
     {
-        [Test]
-        public void Measure_ShouldHandleNullChild() => new Extend().MeasureWithoutChild();
-        
-        [Test]
-        public void Draw_ShouldHandleNullChild() => new Extend().DrawWithoutChild();
-        
         [Test]
         public void Measure_ReturnsWrap_WhenChildReturnsWrap()
         {
@@ -24,8 +18,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Child = x.CreateChild()
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 200))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), new Wrap())
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -39,8 +33,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     ExtendVertical = true
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 200))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), new PartialRender(300, 100))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new PartialRender(400, 200));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.PartialRender(300, 100))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(400, 200));
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -54,8 +48,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     ExtendVertical = true
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 200))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), new FullRender(300, 100))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(400, 200));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 100))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(400, 200));
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -69,8 +63,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     ExtendVertical = false
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 200))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), new FullRender(100, 100))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(400, 100));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.FullRender(100, 100))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(400, 100));
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -84,8 +78,11 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     ExtendVertical = true
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 200))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), new FullRender(100, 100))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(100, 200));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.FullRender(100, 100))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(100, 200));
         }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw() => SimpleContainerTests.Draw<Extend>();
     }
 }

QuestPDF.UnitTests/ExternalLinkTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Elements;
+using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class ExternalLinkTests
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure() => SimpleContainerTests.Measure<ExternalLink>();
+        
+        // TODO: consider tests for the Draw method
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/GridTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 using FluentAssertions;
-using FluentAssertions.Equivalency;
 using NUnit.Framework;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Fluent;
@@ -40,30 +39,30 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
             // assert
             var expected = new Container();
             
-            expected.Container().Stack(stack =>
+            expected.Stack(stack =>
             {
                 stack.Item().Row(row =>
                 {
-                    row.RelativeColumn(6).Container().Element(childA);
-                    row.RelativeColumn(4).Container().Element(childB);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(6).Element(childA);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(4).Element(childB);
                     row.RelativeColumn(2);
                 });
                 
                 stack.Item().Row(row =>
                 {
-                    row.RelativeColumn(4).Container().Element(childC);
-                    row.RelativeColumn(2).Container().Element(childD);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(4).Element(childC);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(2).Element(childD);
                     row.RelativeColumn(6);
                 });
                 
                 stack.Item().Row(row =>
                 {
-                    row.RelativeColumn(8).Container().Element(childE);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(8).Element(childE);
                     row.RelativeColumn(4);
                 });
             });
             
-            structure.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected, o => o.WithTracing().WithAutoConversion().WithStrictOrdering().IncludingAllRuntimeProperties());
+            TestPlan.CompareOperations(structure, expected);
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -94,33 +93,33 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
             // assert
             var expected = new Container();
             
-            expected.Container().Stack(stack =>
+            expected.Stack(stack =>
             {
                 stack.Item().Row(row =>
                 {
                     row.RelativeColumn(1);
-                    row.RelativeColumn(6).Container().Element(childA);
-                    row.RelativeColumn(4).Container().Element(childB);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(6).Element(childA);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(4).Element(childB);
                     row.RelativeColumn(1);
                 });
                 
                 stack.Item().Row(row =>
                 {
                     row.RelativeColumn(3);
-                    row.RelativeColumn(4).Container().Element(childC);
-                    row.RelativeColumn(2).Container().Element(childD);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(4).Element(childC);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(2).Element(childD);
                     row.RelativeColumn(3);
                 });
                 
                 stack.Item().Row(row =>
                 {
                     row.RelativeColumn(2);
-                    row.RelativeColumn(8).Container().Element(childE);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(8).Element(childE);
                     row.RelativeColumn(2);
                 });
             });
 
-            structure.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected, o => o.WithTracing().WithAutoConversion().WithStrictOrdering().IncludingAllRuntimeProperties());
+            TestPlan.CompareOperations(structure, expected);
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -151,30 +150,30 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
             // assert
             var expected = new Container();
             
-            expected.Container().Stack(stack =>
+            expected.Stack(stack =>
             {
                 stack.Item().Row(row =>
                 {
                     row.RelativeColumn(2);
-                    row.RelativeColumn(6).Container().Element(childA);
-                    row.RelativeColumn(4).Container().Element(childB);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(6).Element(childA);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(4).Element(childB);
                 });
                 
                 stack.Item().Row(row =>
                 {
                     row.RelativeColumn(6);
-                    row.RelativeColumn(4).Container().Element(childC);
-                    row.RelativeColumn(2).Container().Element(childD);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(4).Element(childC);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(2).Element(childD);
                 });
                 
                 stack.Item().Row(row =>
                 {
                     row.RelativeColumn(4);
-                    row.RelativeColumn(8).Container().Element(childE);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(8).Element(childE);
                 });
             });
             
-            structure.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected, o => o.WithTracing().WithAutoConversion().WithStrictOrdering().IncludingAllRuntimeProperties());
+            TestPlan.CompareOperations(structure, expected);
         }
         
         #endregion
@@ -211,7 +210,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
             // assert
             var expected = new Container();
             
-            expected.Container().Stack(stack =>
+            expected.Stack(stack =>
             {
                 stack.Spacing(20);
                 
@@ -220,8 +219,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     row.Spacing(30);
                     
                     row.RelativeColumn(3);
-                    row.RelativeColumn(5).Container().Element(childA);
-                    row.RelativeColumn(5).Container().Element(childB);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(5).Element(childA);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(5).Element(childB);
                     row.RelativeColumn(3);
                 });
                 
@@ -230,7 +229,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     row.Spacing(30);
                     
                     row.RelativeColumn(3);
-                    row.RelativeColumn(10).Container().Element(childC);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(10).Element(childC);
                     row.RelativeColumn(3);
                 });
                 
@@ -239,12 +238,12 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     row.Spacing(30);
                     
                     row.RelativeColumn(2);
-                    row.RelativeColumn(12).Container().Element(childD);
+                    row.RelativeColumn(12).Element(childD);
                     row.RelativeColumn(2);
                 });
             });
             
-            structure.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected, o => o.WithTracing().WithAutoConversion().WithStrictOrdering().IncludingAllRuntimeProperties().AllowingInfiniteRecursion());
+            TestPlan.CompareOperations(structure, expected);
         }
         
         #endregion

QuestPDF.UnitTests/Helpers.cs

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
-using FluentAssertions;
-using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
-using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
-
-namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
-{
-    public static class Helpers
-    {
-        public static Random Random = new Random();
-        
-        public static Size RandomSize => new Size(Random.Next(200, 400), Random.Next(100, 200));
-
-        public static void ShouldEqual(this IEnumerable<OperationBase> commands, IEnumerable<OperationBase> expected)
-        {
-            commands.Should().HaveSameCount(expected);
-            
-            commands
-                .Zip(expected)
-                .ToList()
-                .ForEach(x =>
-                {
-                    x.First.Should().BeOfType(x.Second.GetType());
-                    x.First.Should().BeEquivalentTo(x.Second, y => y.RespectingRuntimeTypes());
-                });
-        }
-    }
-}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/ImageTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Fluent;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
@@ -11,12 +11,6 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
     [TestFixture]
     public class ImageTests
     {
-        [Test]
-        public void Measure_ShouldHandleNullChild() => new AspectRatio().MeasureWithoutChild();
-        
-        [Test]
-        public void Draw_ShouldHandleNullChild() => new AspectRatio().DrawWithoutChild();
-        
         [Test]
         public void Measure_TakesAvailableSpaceRegardlessOfSize()
         {
@@ -26,7 +20,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     InternalImage = GenerateImage(400, 300)
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(300, 200))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(300, 200));
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 200));
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -55,7 +49,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     return container;
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(300, 200))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(300, 100));;
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 100));;
         }
         
         SKImage GenerateImage(int width, int height)

QuestPDF.UnitTests/InternalLinkTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Elements;
+using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class InternalLinkTests
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure() => SimpleContainerTests.Measure<InternalLink>();
+        
+        // TODO: consider tests for the Draw method
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/InternalLocationTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Elements;
+using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class InternalLocationTests
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure() => SimpleContainerTests.Measure<InternalLink>();
+        
+        // TODO: consider tests for the Draw method
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/LayersTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
+using QuestPDF.Elements;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class LayersTests
+    {
+        private const string BackgroundLayer = "background";
+        private const string MainLayer = "main";
+        private const string ForegroundLayer = "foreground";
+        
+        private static Layers GetLayers(TestPlan x)
+        {
+            return new Layers
+            {
+                Children = new List<Layer>
+                {
+                    new Layer
+                    {
+                        Child = x.CreateChild(BackgroundLayer)
+                    },
+                    new Layer
+                    {
+                        Child = x.CreateChild(MainLayer),
+                        IsPrimary = true
+                    },
+                    new Layer
+                    {
+                        Child = x.CreateChild(ForegroundLayer)
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        }
+        
+        #region measure
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_Wrap()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(GetLayers)
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(800, 600))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(MainLayer, new Size(800, 600), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_PartialRender()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(GetLayers)
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(800, 600))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(MainLayer, new Size(800, 600), SpacePlan.PartialRender(700, 500))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(700, 500));
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_FullRender()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(GetLayers)
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(800, 600))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(MainLayer, new Size(800, 600), SpacePlan.FullRender(500, 400))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(500, 400));
+        }
+        
+        #endregion
+        
+        #region draw
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw_Simple()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(GetLayers)
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(800, 600))
+                
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(BackgroundLayer, new Size(800, 600), SpacePlan.FullRender(100, 200))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(MainLayer, new Size(800, 600), SpacePlan.PartialRender(200, 300))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(ForegroundLayer, new Size(800, 600), SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 400))
+                
+                
+                .ExpectChildDraw(BackgroundLayer, new Size(800, 600))
+                .ExpectChildDraw(MainLayer, new Size(800, 600))
+                .ExpectChildDraw(ForegroundLayer, new Size(800, 600))
+                
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw_WhenSecondaryLayerReturnsWrap_SkipThatLayer_1()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(GetLayers)
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(800, 600))
+                
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(BackgroundLayer, new Size(800, 600), SpacePlan.PartialRender(100, 200))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(MainLayer, new Size(800, 600), SpacePlan.PartialRender(200, 300))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(ForegroundLayer, new Size(800, 600), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                
+                .ExpectChildDraw(BackgroundLayer, new Size(800, 600))
+                .ExpectChildDraw(MainLayer, new Size(800, 600))
+                
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw_WhenSecondaryLayerReturnsWrap_SkipThatLayer_2()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(GetLayers)
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(800, 600))
+                
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(BackgroundLayer, new Size(800, 600), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(MainLayer, new Size(800, 600), SpacePlan.PartialRender(200, 300))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(ForegroundLayer, new Size(800, 600), SpacePlan.PartialRender(300, 400))
+                
+                .ExpectChildDraw(MainLayer, new Size(800, 600))
+                .ExpectChildDraw(ForegroundLayer, new Size(800, 600))
+                
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+        
+        #endregion
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/PaddingTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
@@ -9,12 +9,6 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
     [TestFixture]
     public class PaddingTests
     {
-        [Test]
-        public void Measure_ShouldHandleNullChild() => new Padding().MeasureWithoutChild();
-        
-        [Test]
-        public void Draw_ShouldHandleNullChild() => new Padding().DrawWithoutChild();
-        
         private Padding GetPadding(TestPlan plan)
         {
             return new Padding()
@@ -34,8 +28,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
             TestPlan
                 .For(GetPadding)
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(340, 260), new FullRender(140, 60))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(200, 100));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(340, 260), SpacePlan.FullRender(140, 60))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(200, 100));
         } 
         
         [Test]
@@ -44,7 +38,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
             TestPlan
                 .For(GetPadding)
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(50, 300))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -53,7 +47,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
             TestPlan
                 .For(GetPadding)
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(20, 300))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -62,8 +56,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
             TestPlan
                 .For(GetPadding)
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(340, 260), new PartialRender(40, 160))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new PartialRender(100, 200));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(340, 260), SpacePlan.PartialRender(40, 160))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(100, 200));
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -72,8 +66,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
             TestPlan
                 .For(GetPadding)
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(340, 260), new Wrap())
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(340, 260), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]

QuestPDF.UnitTests/PageBreakTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                 .For(x => new PageBreak())
                 
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new PartialRender(Size.Zero))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(Size.Zero))
                 
                 .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
                 .CheckDrawResult()
                 
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(500, 400))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(Size.Zero));
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(0, 0));
         }
     }
 }

QuestPDF.UnitTests/PageNumberTests.cs

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-using NUnit.Framework;
-
-namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
-{
-    [TestFixture]
-    public class PageNumberTests
-    {
-
-    }
-}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/QuestPDF.UnitTests.csproj

@@ -6,12 +6,11 @@
     </PropertyGroup>
 
     <ItemGroup>
-        <PackageReference Include="FluentAssertions" Version="5.10.3" />
-        <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.13.1" />
-        <PackageReference Include="nunit" Version="3.13.1" />
-        <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="3.17.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="FluentAssertions" Version="6.1.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="nunit" Version="3.13.2" />
+        <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.0.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="16.7.0" />
-        <PackageReference Include="SkiaSharp" Version="2.80.2" />
+        <PackageReference Include="SkiaSharp" Version="2.80.3" />
     </ItemGroup>
 
     <ItemGroup>

QuestPDF.UnitTests/RotateTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Elements;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class RotateTests
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure() => SimpleContainerTests.Measure<Rotate>();
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Rotate
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    Angle = 123
+                })
+                .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
+                .ExpectCanvasRotate(123)
+                .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(400, 300))
+                .ExpectCanvasRotate(-123)
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        } 
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/RowTests.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
+using QuestPDF.Fluent;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
 
@@ -15,74 +16,74 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
         public void Measure_ReturnsWrap_WhenLeftChildReturnsWrap()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleRow
+                .For(x => new BinaryRow
                 {
                     Left = x.CreateChild("left"),
                     Right = x.CreateChild("right")
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("left", new Size(400, 300), new Wrap())
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("left", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
         public void Measure_ReturnsWrap_WhenRightChildReturnsWrap()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleRow
+                .For(x => new BinaryRow
                 {
                     Left = x.CreateChild("left"),
                     Right = x.CreateChild("right")
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("left", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(250, 150))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("right", new Size(150, 300), new Wrap())
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("left", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(250, 150))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("right", new Size(150, 300), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
         public void Measure_ReturnsPartialRender_WhenLeftChildReturnsPartialRender()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleRow
+                .For(x => new BinaryRow
                 {
                     Left = x.CreateChild("left"),
                     Right = x.CreateChild("right")
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("left", new Size(400, 300), new PartialRender(250, 150))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("right", new Size(150, 300), new FullRender(100, 100))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new PartialRender(350, 150));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("left", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.PartialRender(250, 150))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("right", new Size(150, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(100, 100))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(350, 150));
         }
         
         [Test]
         public void Measure_ReturnsPartialRender_WhenRightChildReturnsPartialRender()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleRow
+                .For(x => new BinaryRow
                 {
                     Left = x.CreateChild("left"),
                     Right = x.CreateChild("right")
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("left", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(250, 150))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("right", new Size(150, 300), new PartialRender(100, 100))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new PartialRender(350, 150));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("left", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(250, 150))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("right", new Size(150, 300), SpacePlan.PartialRender(100, 100))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(350, 150));
         }
         
         [Test]
         public void Measure_ReturnsFullRender_WhenBothChildrenReturnFullRender()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleRow
+                .For(x => new BinaryRow
                 {
                     Left = x.CreateChild("left"),
                     Right = x.CreateChild("right")
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("left", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(200, 150))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("right", new Size(200, 300), new FullRender(100, 100))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(300, 150));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("left", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(200, 150))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("right", new Size(200, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(100, 100))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 150));
         }
         
         #endregion
@@ -93,13 +94,13 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
         public void Draw()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleRow
+                .For(x => new BinaryRow
                 {
                     Left = x.CreateChild("left"),
                     Right = x.CreateChild("right")
                 })
                 .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("left", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(250, 150))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("left", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(250, 150))
                 .ExpectChildDraw("left", new Size(250, 300))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(250, 0)
                 .ExpectChildDraw("right", new Size(150, 300))
@@ -109,8 +110,158 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
 
         #endregion
         
-        // TODO: add tests for the spacing property
-        // TODO: add tests for the tree builder method
-        // TODO: add tests for relative column
+        #region Structure
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Structure_RelativeColumnsHandling()
+        { 
+            // arrange
+            var childA = TestPlan.CreateUniqueElement();
+            var childB = TestPlan.CreateUniqueElement();
+            var childC = TestPlan.CreateUniqueElement();
+            var childD = TestPlan.CreateUniqueElement();
+            var childE = TestPlan.CreateUniqueElement();
+
+            const int spacing = 25;
+            var availableSpace = new Size(1100, 400);
+            
+            // act
+            var value = new Container();
+
+            value.Row(row =>
+            {
+                row.Spacing(spacing);
+                
+                row.ConstantColumn(150).Element(childA);
+                row.ConstantColumn(250).Element(childB);
+                row.RelativeColumn(1).Element(childC);
+                row.RelativeColumn(2).Element(childD);
+                row.RelativeColumn(3).Element(childE);
+            });
+            
+            // assert
+            var expected = new Container();
+
+            expected.Row(row =>
+            {
+                row.Spacing(spacing);
+                
+                row.ConstantColumn(150).Element(childA);
+                row.ConstantColumn(250).Element(childB);
+                row.ConstantColumn(100).Element(childC);
+                row.ConstantColumn(200).Element(childD);
+                row.ConstantColumn(300).Element(childE);
+            });
+            
+            TestPlan.CompareOperations(value, expected, availableSpace);
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Structure_Tree()
+        { 
+            // arrange
+            var childA = TestPlan.CreateUniqueElement();
+            var childB = TestPlan.CreateUniqueElement();
+            var childC = TestPlan.CreateUniqueElement();
+            var childD = TestPlan.CreateUniqueElement();
+            var childE = TestPlan.CreateUniqueElement();
+
+            const int spacing = 25;
+            var availableSpace = new Size(1200, 400);
+            
+            // act
+            var value = new Container();
+
+            value.Row(row =>
+            {
+                row.Spacing(spacing);
+                
+                row.ConstantColumn(150).Element(childA);
+                row.ConstantColumn(200).Element(childB);
+                row.ConstantColumn(250).Element(childC);
+                row.RelativeColumn(2).Element(childD);
+                row.RelativeColumn(3).Element(childE);
+            });
+            
+            // assert
+            var expected = new BinaryRow
+            {
+                Left = new BinaryRow
+                {
+                    Left = new BinaryRow
+                    {
+                        Left = new Constrained
+                        {
+                            MinWidth = 150,
+                            MaxWidth = 150,
+                            Child = childA
+                        },
+                        Right = new Constrained
+                        {
+                            MinWidth = 25,
+                            MaxWidth = 25
+                        }
+                    },
+                    Right = new BinaryRow
+                    {
+                        Left = new Constrained
+                        {
+                            MinWidth = 200,
+                            MaxWidth = 200,
+                            Child = childB
+                        },
+                        Right = new Constrained
+                        {
+                            MinWidth = 25,
+                            MaxWidth = 25
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                Right = new BinaryRow
+                {
+                    Left = new BinaryRow
+                    {
+                        Left = new Constrained
+                        {
+                            MinWidth = 250,
+                            MaxWidth = 250,
+                            Child = childC
+                        },
+                        Right = new Constrained
+                        {
+                            MinWidth = 25,
+                            MaxWidth = 25
+                        }
+                    },
+                    Right = new BinaryRow
+                    {
+                        Left = new Constrained
+                        {
+                            MinWidth = 200,
+                            MaxWidth = 200,
+                            Child = childD
+                        },
+                        Right = new BinaryRow
+                        {
+                            Left = new Constrained
+                            {
+                                MinWidth = 25,
+                                MaxWidth = 25
+                            },
+                            Right = new Constrained
+                            {
+                                MinWidth = 300,
+                                MaxWidth = 300,
+                                Child = childE
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            
+            TestPlan.CompareOperations(value, expected, availableSpace);
+        }
+        
+        #endregion
     }
 }

QuestPDF.UnitTests/ScaleTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
+using QuestPDF.Elements;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class ScaleTests
+    {
+        #region measure
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_Wrap()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Scale
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    ScaleX = 3,
+                    ScaleY = 2
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(900, 800))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(300, 400), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_PartialRender()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Scale
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    ScaleX = 3,
+                    ScaleY = 2
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(900, 800))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(300, 400), SpacePlan.PartialRender(200, 350))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(600, 700));
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_FullRender()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Scale
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    ScaleX = 3,
+                    ScaleY = 2
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(900, 800))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(300, 400), SpacePlan.FullRender(250, 300))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(750, 600));
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_NegativeScaleX()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Scale
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    ScaleX = -2,
+                    ScaleY = 1
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(800, 600))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 600), SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 500))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(600, 500));
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_NegativeScaleY()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Scale
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    ScaleX = 1,
+                    ScaleY = -3
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(800, 600))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(800, 200), SpacePlan.FullRender(800, 100))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(800, 300));
+        }
+        
+        #endregion
+        
+        #region draw
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw_Simple()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Scale
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    ScaleX = 3,
+                    ScaleY = 2
+                })
+                .DrawElement(new Size(900, 800))
+                .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, 0)
+                .ExpectCanvasScale(3, 2)
+                .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(300, 400))
+                .ExpectCanvasScale(1/3f, 1/2f)
+                .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, 0)
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw_NegativeScaleX()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Scale
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    ScaleX = -3,
+                    ScaleY = 2
+                })
+                .DrawElement(new Size(900, 800))
+                .ExpectCanvasTranslate(900, 0)
+                .ExpectCanvasScale(-3, 2)
+                .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(300, 400))
+                .ExpectCanvasScale(-1/3f, 1/2f)
+                .ExpectCanvasTranslate(-900, 0)
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw_NegativeScaleY()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Scale
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    ScaleX = 3,
+                    ScaleY = -2
+                })
+                .DrawElement(new Size(900, 800))
+                .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, 800)
+                .ExpectCanvasScale(3, -2)
+                .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(300, 400))
+                .ExpectCanvasScale(1/3f, -1/2f)
+                .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, -800)
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+        
+        #endregion
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/ShowEntireTests.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Child = x.CreateChild()
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 300), new Wrap())
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Child = x.CreateChild()
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 300), new PartialRender(300, 200))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.PartialRender(300, 200))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
@@ -44,8 +44,11 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     Child = x.CreateChild()
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(300, 200))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(300, 200));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 200))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 200));
         }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw() => SimpleContainerTests.Draw<ShowEntire>();
     }
 }

QuestPDF.UnitTests/ShowOnceTest.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-using Moq;
-using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
@@ -11,33 +10,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
     public class ShowOnceTest
     {
         [Test]
-        public void Measure_ShouldHandleNullChild() => new ShowOnce().MeasureWithoutChild();
-        
-        [Test]
-        public void Draw_ShouldHandleNullChild() => new ShowOnce().DrawWithoutChild();
-
-        [Test]
-        public void ShouldRenderOnce_WhenRenderingCalledMultipleTimes()
-        {
-            var child = new Mock<Element>();
-            
-            child
-                .Setup(x => x.Measure(It.IsAny<Size>()))
-                .Returns(() => new FullRender(Size.Zero));
-
-            var element = new ShowOnce()
-            {
-                Child = child.Object
-            };
-
-            element.Draw(Size.Zero);
-            element.Draw(Size.Zero);
-            
-            child.Verify(x => x.Draw(It.IsAny<Size>()), Times.Once);
-        }
-        
-        [Test]
-        public void Draw_HorizontalRight_VerticalTop()
+        public void Draw()
         {
             TestPlan
                 .For(x => new ShowOnce()
@@ -47,31 +20,31 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                 
                 // Measure the element and return result
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(300, 200))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("child", new Size(300, 200), new PartialRender(new Size(200, 200)))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new PartialRender(new Size(200, 200)))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("child", new Size(300, 200), SpacePlan.PartialRender(new Size(200, 200)))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(new Size(200, 200)))
                 
                 // Draw element partially
                 .DrawElement(new Size(200, 200))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(200, 200), new PartialRender(new Size(200, 200)))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(200, 200), SpacePlan.PartialRender(new Size(200, 200)))
                 .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(200, 200))
                 .CheckDrawResult()
                 
                 // Element was not fully drawn
                 // It should be measured again for rendering on next page
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(800, 200))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(800, 200), new FullRender(new Size(400, 200)))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(new Size(400, 200)))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(800, 200), SpacePlan.FullRender(new Size(400, 200)))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(new Size(400, 200)))
 
                 // Draw element on next page
                 // Element was fully drawn at this point
                 .DrawElement(new Size(400, 200))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), new FullRender(new Size(400, 200)))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.FullRender(new Size(400, 200)))
                 .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(400, 200))
                 .CheckDrawResult()
                 
                 // In the next attempt of measuring element, it should behave like empty parent.
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(600, 200))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(Size.Zero))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(0, 0))
                 
                 // In the next attempt of measuring element, it should not draw its child
                 .DrawElement(new Size(600, 200))

QuestPDF.UnitTests/SimpleRotateTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
+using QuestPDF.Elements;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class SimpleRotateTests
+    {
+        #region measure
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_Wrap()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new SimpleRotate
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    TurnCount = 0
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_PartialRender()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new SimpleRotate
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    TurnCount = 0
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.PartialRender(300, 200))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(300, 200));
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_RotateRight()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new SimpleRotate
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    TurnCount = 1
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(300, 400), SpacePlan.FullRender(200, 300))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 200));
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_RotateFlip()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new SimpleRotate
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    TurnCount = 2
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(200, 100))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(200, 100));
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_RotateLeft()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new SimpleRotate
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    TurnCount = 3 // or -1
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(500, 400))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 500), SpacePlan.FullRender(300, 350))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(350, 300));
+        }
+        
+        #endregion
+        
+        #region draw
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw_Simple()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new SimpleRotate
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    TurnCount = 0
+                })
+                .DrawElement(new Size(640, 480))
+                .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, 0)
+                .ExpectCanvasRotate(0)
+                .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(640, 480))
+                .ExpectCanvasRotate(0)
+                .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, 0)
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw_RotateRight()
+        {
+            TestPlan 
+                .For(x => new SimpleRotate
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    TurnCount = 1
+                })
+                .DrawElement(new Size(640, 480))
+                .ExpectCanvasTranslate(640, 0)
+                .ExpectCanvasRotate(90)
+                .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(480, 640))
+                .ExpectCanvasRotate(-90)
+                .ExpectCanvasTranslate(-640, 0)
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw_RotateFlip()
+        {
+            TestPlan 
+                .For(x => new SimpleRotate
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    TurnCount = 2
+                })
+                .DrawElement(new Size(640, 480))
+                .ExpectCanvasTranslate(640, 480)
+                .ExpectCanvasRotate(180)
+                .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(640, 480))
+                .ExpectCanvasRotate(-180)
+                .ExpectCanvasTranslate(-640, -480)
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw_RotateLeft()
+        {
+            TestPlan 
+                .For(x => new SimpleRotate
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    TurnCount = 3 // or -1
+                })
+                .DrawElement(new Size(640, 480))
+                .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, 480)
+                .ExpectCanvasRotate(270)
+                .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(480, 640))
+                .ExpectCanvasRotate(-270)
+                .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, -480)
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+        
+        #endregion
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/StackTests.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
+using QuestPDF.Fluent;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
 
@@ -15,80 +16,80 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
         public void Measure_ReturnsWrap_WhenFirstChildWraps()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleStack
+                .For(x => new BinaryStack
                 {
                     First = x.CreateChild("first"),
                     Second = x.CreateChild("second")
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), new Wrap())
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new Wrap());
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
         }
         
         [Test]
         public void Measure_ReturnsPartialRender_WhenFirstChildReturnsPartialRender()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleStack
+                .For(x => new BinaryStack
                 {
                     First = x.CreateChild("first"),
                     Second = x.CreateChild("second")
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), new PartialRender(300, 200))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new PartialRender(300, 200));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.PartialRender(300, 200))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(300, 200));
         }
         
         [Test]
         public void Measure_ReturnsPartialRender_WhenSecondChildWraps()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleStack
+                .For(x => new BinaryStack
                 {
                     First = x.CreateChild("first"),
                     Second = x.CreateChild("second")
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(200, 100))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 200), new Wrap())
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new PartialRender(200, 100));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(200, 100))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(200, 100));
         }
         
         [Test]
         public void Measure_ReturnsPartialRender_WhenSecondChildReturnsPartialRender()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleStack
+                .For(x => new BinaryStack
                 {
                     First = x.CreateChild("first"),
                     Second = x.CreateChild("second")
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(200, 100))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 200), new PartialRender(300, 150))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new PartialRender(300, 250));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(200, 100))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.PartialRender(300, 150))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(300, 250));
         }
         
         [Test]
         public void Measure_ReturnsFullRender_WhenSecondChildReturnsFullRender()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleStack
+                .For(x => new BinaryStack
                 {
                     First = x.CreateChild("first"),
                     Second = x.CreateChild("second")
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(200, 100))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 200), new FullRender(100, 50))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(200, 150));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(200, 100))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.FullRender(100, 50))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(200, 150));
         }
         
         [Test]
         public void Measure_UsesEmpty_WhenFirstChildIsRendered()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleStack
+                .For(x => new BinaryStack
                 {
                     First = x.CreateChild("first"),
                     Second = x.CreateChild("second"),
@@ -96,8 +97,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     IsFirstRendered = true
                 })
                 .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(200, 300))
-                .CheckMeasureResult(new FullRender(200, 300));
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(200, 300))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(200, 300));
         }
         
         #endregion
@@ -108,13 +109,13 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
         public void Draw_WhenFirstChildWraps()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleStack
+                .For(x => new BinaryStack
                 {
                     First = x.CreateChild("first"),
                     Second = x.CreateChild("second")
                 })
                 .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), new Wrap())
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.Wrap())
                 .CheckDrawResult();
         }
         
@@ -122,13 +123,13 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
         public void Draw_WhenFirstChildPartiallyRenders()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleStack
+                .For(x => new BinaryStack
                 {
                     First = x.CreateChild("first"),
                     Second = x.CreateChild("second")
                 })
                 .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), new PartialRender(200, 100))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.PartialRender(200, 100))
                 .ExpectChildDraw("first", new Size(400, 100))
                 .CheckDrawResult();
         }
@@ -137,15 +138,15 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
         public void Draw_WhenFirstChildFullyRenders_AndSecondChildWraps()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleStack
+                .For(x => new BinaryStack
                 {
                     First = x.CreateChild("first"),
                     Second = x.CreateChild("second")
                 })
                 .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(200, 100))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(200, 100))
                 .ExpectChildDraw("first", new Size(400, 100))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 200), new Wrap())
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.Wrap())
                 .CheckDrawResult();
         }
         
@@ -153,15 +154,15 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
         public void Draw_WhenFirstChildFullyRenders_AndSecondChildPartiallyRenders()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleStack
+                .For(x => new BinaryStack
                 {
                     First = x.CreateChild("first"),
                     Second = x.CreateChild("second")
                 })
                 .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(200, 100))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(200, 100))
                 .ExpectChildDraw("first", new Size(400, 100))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 200), new PartialRender(250, 150))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.PartialRender(250, 150))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, 100)
                 .ExpectChildDraw("second", new Size(400, 150))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, -100)
@@ -172,15 +173,15 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
         public void Draw_WhenFirstChildFullyRenders_AndSecondChildFullyRenders()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleStack
+                .For(x => new BinaryStack
                 {
                     First = x.CreateChild("first"),
                     Second = x.CreateChild("second")
                 })
                 .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(200, 100))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("first", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(200, 100))
                 .ExpectChildDraw("first", new Size(400, 100))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 200), new FullRender(250, 150))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 200), SpacePlan.FullRender(250, 150))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, 100)
                 .ExpectChildDraw("second", new Size(400, 150))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, -100)
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
         public void Draw_UsesEmpty_WhenFirstChildIsRendered()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleStack
+                .For(x => new BinaryStack
                 {
                     First = x.CreateChild("first"),
                     Second = x.CreateChild("second"),
@@ -199,11 +200,11 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     IsFirstRendered = true
                 })
                 .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 300), new PartialRender(200, 300))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.PartialRender(200, 300))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, 0)
                 .ExpectChildDraw("second", new Size(400, 300))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, 0)
-                .CheckState<SimpleStack>(x => x.IsFirstRendered)
+                .CheckState<BinaryStack>(x => x.IsFirstRendered)
                 .CheckDrawResult();
         }
         
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
         public void Draw_TogglesFirstRenderedFlag_WhenSecondFullyRenders()
         {
             TestPlan
-                .For(x => new SimpleStack
+                .For(x => new BinaryStack
                 {
                     First = x.CreateChild("first"),
                     Second = x.CreateChild("second"),
@@ -219,17 +220,91 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
                     IsFirstRendered = true
                 })
                 .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
-                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 300), new FullRender(200, 300))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure("second", new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(200, 300))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, 0)
                 .ExpectChildDraw("second", new Size(400, 300))
                 .ExpectCanvasTranslate(0, 0)
                 .CheckDrawResult()
-                .CheckState<SimpleStack>(x => !x.IsFirstRendered);
+                .CheckState<BinaryStack>(x => !x.IsFirstRendered);
         }
         
         #endregion
         
-        // TODO: add tests for the spacing property
-        // TODO: add tests for the tree builder method
+        #region Structure
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Structure_Simple()
+        { 
+            // arrange
+            var childA = TestPlan.CreateUniqueElement();
+            var childB = TestPlan.CreateUniqueElement();
+            var childC = TestPlan.CreateUniqueElement();
+            var childD = TestPlan.CreateUniqueElement();
+            var childE = TestPlan.CreateUniqueElement();
+
+            const int spacing = 20;
+            
+            // act
+            var structure = new Container();
+            
+            structure.Stack(stack =>
+            {
+                stack.Spacing(spacing);
+                
+                stack.Item().Element(childA);
+                stack.Item().Element(childB);
+                stack.Item().Element(childC);
+                stack.Item().Element(childD);
+                stack.Item().Element(childE);
+            });
+            
+            // assert
+            var expected = new Padding
+            {
+                Bottom = -spacing,
+
+                Child = new BinaryStack
+                {
+                    First = new BinaryStack
+                    {
+                        First = new Padding
+                        {
+                            Bottom = spacing,
+                            Child = childA
+                        },
+                        Second = new Padding
+                        {
+                            Bottom = spacing,
+                            Child = childB
+                        }
+                    },
+                    Second = new BinaryStack
+                    {
+                        First = new Padding
+                        {
+                            Bottom = spacing,
+                            Child = childC
+                        },
+                        Second = new BinaryStack
+                        {
+                            First = new Padding
+                            {
+                                Bottom = spacing,
+                                Child = childD
+                            },
+                            Second = new Padding
+                            {
+                                Bottom = spacing,
+                                Child = childE
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            TestPlan.CompareOperations(structure, expected);
+        }
+        
+        #endregion
     }
 }

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/ElementMock.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 using System;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine
     internal class ElementMock : Element
     {
         public string Id { get; set; }
-        public Func<Size, ISpacePlan> MeasureFunc { get; set; }
+        public Func<Size, SpacePlan> MeasureFunc { get; set; }
         public Action<Size> DrawFunc { get; set; }
 
-        internal override ISpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace) => MeasureFunc(availableSpace);
+        internal override SpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace) => MeasureFunc(availableSpace);
         internal override void Draw(Size availableSpace) => DrawFunc(availableSpace);
     }
 }

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/MockCanvas.cs

@@ -4,41 +4,25 @@ using SkiaSharp;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine
 {
-    internal class CanvasMock : ICanvas
+    internal class MockCanvas : ICanvas
     {
         public Action<Position> TranslateFunc { get; set; }
+        public Action<float> RotateFunc { get; set; }
+        public Action<float, float> ScaleFunc { get; set; }
         public Action<SKImage, Position, Size> DrawImageFunc { get; set; }
         public Action<string, Position, TextStyle> DrawTextFunc { get; set; }
         public Action<Position, Size, string> DrawRectFunc { get; set; }
 
         public void Translate(Position vector) => TranslateFunc(vector);
+        public void Rotate(float angle) => RotateFunc(angle);
+        public void Scale(float scaleX, float scaleY) => ScaleFunc(scaleX, scaleY);
+
         public void DrawRectangle(Position vector, Size size, string color) => DrawRectFunc(vector, size, color);
         public void DrawText(string text, Position position, TextStyle style) => DrawTextFunc(text, position, style);
         public void DrawImage(SKImage image, Position position, Size size) => DrawImageFunc(image, position, size);
         
-        public void DrawExternalLink(string url, Size size)
-        {
-            throw new NotImplementedException();
-        }
-
-        public void DrawLocationLink(string locationName, Size size)
-        {
-            throw new NotImplementedException();
-        }
-
-        public void DrawLocation(string locationName)
-        {
-            throw new NotImplementedException();
-        }
-
-        public void DrawLink(string url, Size size)
-        {
-            throw new NotImplementedException();
-        }
-
-        public Size MeasureText(string text, TextStyle style)
-        {
-            return new Size(text.Length * style.Size, style.Size);
-        }
+        public void DrawExternalLink(string url, Size size) => throw new NotImplementedException();
+        public void DrawLocationLink(string locationName, Size size) => throw new NotImplementedException();
+        public void DrawLocation(string locationName) => throw new NotImplementedException();
     }
 }

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/OperationRecordingCanvas.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine.Operations;
+using SkiaSharp;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine
+{
+    internal class OperationRecordingCanvas : ICanvas
+    {
+        public ICollection<OperationBase> Operations { get; } = new List<OperationBase>();
+
+        public void Translate(Position vector) => Operations.Add(new CanvasTranslateOperation(vector));
+        public void Rotate(float angle) => Operations.Add(new CanvasRotateOperation(angle));
+        public void Scale(float scaleX, float scaleY) => Operations.Add(new CanvasScaleOperation(scaleX, scaleY));
+
+        public void DrawRectangle(Position vector, Size size, string color) => Operations.Add(new CanvasDrawRectangleOperation(vector, size, color));
+        public void DrawText(string text, Position position, TextStyle style) => Operations.Add(new CanvasDrawTextOperation(text, position, style));
+        public void DrawImage(SKImage image, Position position, Size size) => Operations.Add(new CanvasDrawImageOperation(position, size));
+        
+        public void DrawExternalLink(string url, Size size) => throw new NotImplementedException();
+        public void DrawLocationLink(string locationName, Size size) => throw new NotImplementedException();
+        public void DrawLocation(string locationName) => throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/Operations/CanvasDrawImageOperation.cs

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 
 namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine.Operations
 {
-    internal class CanvasDrawImageOperationBase : OperationBase
+    internal class CanvasDrawImageOperation : OperationBase
     {
         public Position Position { get; }
         public Size Size { get; }
 
-        public CanvasDrawImageOperationBase(Position position, Size size)
+        public CanvasDrawImageOperation(Position position, Size size)
         {
             Position = position;
             Size = size;

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/Operations/CanvasDrawRectangleOperation.cs

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 
 namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine.Operations
 {
-    internal class CanvasDrawRectangleOperationBase : OperationBase
+    internal class CanvasDrawRectangleOperation : OperationBase
     {
         public Position Position { get; } 
         public Size Size { get; }
         public string Color { get; }
 
-        public CanvasDrawRectangleOperationBase(Position position, Size size, string color)
+        public CanvasDrawRectangleOperation(Position position, Size size, string color)
         {
             Position = position;
             Size = size;

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/Operations/CanvasDrawTextOperation.cs

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 
 namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine.Operations
 {
-    internal class CanvasDrawTextOperationBase : OperationBase
+    internal class CanvasDrawTextOperation : OperationBase
     {
         public string Text { get; }
         public Position Position { get; }
         public TextStyle Style { get; }
 
-        public CanvasDrawTextOperationBase(string text, Position position, TextStyle style)
+        public CanvasDrawTextOperation(string text, Position position, TextStyle style)
         {
             Text = text;
             Position = position;

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/Operations/CanvasRotateOperation.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine.Operations
+{
+    public class CanvasRotateOperation : OperationBase
+    {
+        public float Angle { get; }
+
+        public CanvasRotateOperation(float angle)
+        {
+            Angle = angle;
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/Operations/CanvasScaleOperation.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine.Operations
+{
+    public class CanvasScaleOperation : OperationBase
+    {
+        public float ScaleX { get; }
+        public float ScaleY { get; }
+
+        public CanvasScaleOperation(float scaleX, float scaleY)
+        {
+            ScaleX = scaleX;
+            ScaleY = scaleY;
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/Operations/CanvasTranslateOperation.cs

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine.Operations
 {
-    internal class CanvasTranslateOperationBase : OperationBase
+    internal class CanvasTranslateOperation : OperationBase
     {
         public Position Position { get; }
 
-        public CanvasTranslateOperationBase(Position position)
+        public CanvasTranslateOperation(Position position)
         {
             Position = position;
         }

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/Operations/ChildDrawOperation.cs

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 
 namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine.Operations
 {
-    public class ChildDrawOperationBase : OperationBase
+    public class ChildDrawOperation : OperationBase
     {
         public string ChildId { get; }
         public Size Input { get; }
 
-        public ChildDrawOperationBase(string childId, Size input)
+        public ChildDrawOperation(string childId, Size input)
         {
             ChildId = childId;
             Input = input;

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/Operations/ChildMeasureOperation.cs

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine.Operations
 {
-    internal class ChildMeasureOperationBase : OperationBase
+    internal class ChildMeasureOperation : OperationBase
     {
         public string ChildId { get; }
         public Size Input { get; }
-        public ISpacePlan Output { get; }
+        public SpacePlan Output { get; }
 
-        public ChildMeasureOperationBase(string childId, Size input, ISpacePlan output)
+        public ChildMeasureOperation(string childId, Size input, SpacePlan output)
         {
             ChildId = childId;
             Input = input;

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/Operations/ElementMeasureOperation.cs

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine.Operations
 {
-    public class ElementMeasureOperationBase : OperationBase
+    public class ElementMeasureOperation : OperationBase
     {
-        public ElementMeasureOperationBase(Size input)
+        public ElementMeasureOperation(Size input)
         {
             
         }

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/SimpleContainerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine
+{
+    internal static class SimpleContainerTests
+    {
+        #region measure
+        
+        public static void Measure<TElement>() where TElement : Element, IContainer, new()
+        {
+            Measure_Wrap<TElement>();
+            Measure_PartialRender<TElement>();
+            Measure_FullRender<TElement>();
+        }
+        
+        private static void Measure_Wrap<TElement>() where TElement : Element, IContainer, new()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new TElement
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild()
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
+        }
+        
+        private static void Measure_PartialRender<TElement>() where TElement : Element, IContainer, new()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new TElement
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild()
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.PartialRender(200, 100))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(200, 100));
+        }
+        
+        private static void Measure_FullRender<TElement>() where TElement : Element, IContainer, new()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new TElement
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild()
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(400, 300))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(new Size(400, 300), SpacePlan.FullRender(250, 150))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(250, 150));
+        }
+        
+        #endregion
+        
+        public static void Draw<TElement>() where TElement : Element, IContainer, new()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new TElement
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild()
+                })
+                .DrawElement(new Size(1200, 900))
+                .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(1200, 900))
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/SingleChildTests.cs

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-using FluentAssertions;
-using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
-using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
-
-namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine
-{
-    public static class SingleChildTests
-    {
-        internal static void MeasureWithoutChild<T>(this T element) where T : ContainerElement
-        {
-            element.Child = null;
-            element.Measure(Size.Zero).Should().BeEquivalentTo(new FullRender(Size.Zero));
-        }
-        
-        internal static void DrawWithoutChild<T>(this T element) where T : ContainerElement
-        {
-            // component does not throw an exception when called with null child
-            Assert.DoesNotThrow(() =>
-            {
-                element.Child = null;
-                
-                // component does not perform any canvas operation when called with null child
-                TestPlan
-                    .For(x => element)
-                    .DrawElement(new Size(200, 100))
-                    .CheckDrawResult();
-            });
-        }
-    }
-}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestEngine/TestPlan.cs

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Text.Json;
+using FluentAssertions;
 using NUnit.Framework;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
+using QuestPDF.Helpers;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine.Operations;
 
@@ -12,6 +14,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine
     internal class TestPlan
     {
         private const string DefaultChildName = "child";
+
+        private static Random Random { get; } = new Random();
         
         private Element Element { get; set; }
         private ICanvas Canvas { get; }
@@ -44,20 +48,31 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine
         
         private ICanvas CreateCanvas()
         {
-            return new CanvasMock
+            return new MockCanvas
             {
                 TranslateFunc = position =>
                 {
-                    var expected = GetExpected<CanvasTranslateOperationBase>();
+                    var expected = GetExpected<CanvasTranslateOperation>();
 
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Position.X, position.X, "Translate X");
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Position.Y, position.Y, "Translate Y");
-                    
-                    //position.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected.Position);
+                },
+                RotateFunc = angle =>
+                {
+                    var expected = GetExpected<CanvasRotateOperation>();
+
+                    Assert.AreEqual(expected.Angle, angle, "Rotate angle");
+                },
+                ScaleFunc = (scaleX, scaleY) =>
+                {
+                    var expected = GetExpected<CanvasScaleOperation>();
+
+                    Assert.AreEqual(expected.ScaleX, scaleX, "Scale X");
+                    Assert.AreEqual(expected.ScaleY, scaleY, "Scale Y");
                 },
                 DrawRectFunc = (position, size, color) =>
                 {
-                    var expected = GetExpected<CanvasDrawRectangleOperationBase>();
+                    var expected = GetExpected<CanvasDrawRectangleOperation>();
                     
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Position.X, position.X, "Draw rectangle: X");
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Position.Y, position.Y, "Draw rectangle: Y");
@@ -66,14 +81,10 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Size.Height, size.Height, "Draw rectangle: height");
                     
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Color, color, "Draw rectangle: color");
-                    
-                    /*position.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected.Position);
-                    size.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected.Size);
-                    color.Should().Be(expected.Color);*/
                 },
                 DrawTextFunc = (text, position, style) => 
                 {
-                    var expected = GetExpected<CanvasDrawTextOperationBase>();
+                    var expected = GetExpected<CanvasDrawTextOperation>();
                     
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Text, text);
                     
@@ -83,23 +94,16 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Style.Color, style.Color, "Draw text: color");
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Style.FontType, style.FontType, "Draw text: font");
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Style.Size, style.Size, "Draw text: size");
-
-                    /*text.Should().Be(expected.Text);
-                    position.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected.Position);
-                    style.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected.Style);*/
                 },
                 DrawImageFunc = (image, position, size) =>
                 {
-                    var expected = GetExpected<CanvasDrawImageOperationBase>();
+                    var expected = GetExpected<CanvasDrawImageOperation>();
                     
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Position.X, position.X, "Draw image: X");
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Position.Y, position.Y, "Draw image: Y");
                     
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Size.Width, size.Width, "Draw image: width");
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Size.Height, size.Height, "Draw image: height");
-                    
-                    /*position.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected.Position);
-                    size.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expected.Size);*/
                 }
             };
         }
@@ -113,29 +117,23 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine
                 Id = id,
                 MeasureFunc = availableSpace =>
                 {
-                    var expected = GetExpected<ChildMeasureOperationBase>();
+                    var expected = GetExpected<ChildMeasureOperation>();
 
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.ChildId, id);
                     
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Input.Width, availableSpace.Width, $"Measure: width of child '{expected.ChildId}'");
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Input.Height, availableSpace.Height, $"Measure: height of child '{expected.ChildId}'");
 
-                    // id.Should().Be(expected.ChildId);
-                    // availableSpace.Should().Be(expected.Input);
-
                     return expected.Output;
                 },
                 DrawFunc = availableSpace =>
                 {
-                    var expected = GetExpected<ChildDrawOperationBase>();
+                    var expected = GetExpected<ChildDrawOperation>();
 
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.ChildId, id);
                     
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Input.Width, availableSpace.Width, $"Draw: width of child '{expected.ChildId}'");
                     Assert.AreEqual(expected.Input.Height, availableSpace.Height, $"Draw: width of child '{expected.ChildId}'");
-                    
-                    /*id.Should().Be(expected.ChildId);
-                    availableSpace.Should().Be(expected.Input);*/
                 }
             };
         }
@@ -158,14 +156,14 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine
             return this;
         }
         
-        public TestPlan ExpectChildMeasure(Size expectedInput, ISpacePlan returns)
+        public TestPlan ExpectChildMeasure(Size expectedInput, SpacePlan returns)
         {
             return ExpectChildMeasure(DefaultChildName, expectedInput, returns);
         }
         
-        public TestPlan ExpectChildMeasure(string child, Size expectedInput, ISpacePlan returns)
+        public TestPlan ExpectChildMeasure(string child, Size expectedInput, SpacePlan returns)
         {
-            return AddOperation(new ChildMeasureOperationBase(child, expectedInput, returns));
+            return AddOperation(new ChildMeasureOperation(child, expectedInput, returns));
         }
         
         public TestPlan ExpectChildDraw(Size expectedInput)
@@ -175,50 +173,55 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine
         
         public TestPlan ExpectChildDraw(string child, Size expectedInput)
         {
-            return AddOperation(new ChildDrawOperationBase(child, expectedInput));
+            return AddOperation(new ChildDrawOperation(child, expectedInput));
         }
 
         public TestPlan ExpectCanvasTranslate(Position position)
         {
-            return AddOperation(new CanvasTranslateOperationBase(position));
+            return AddOperation(new CanvasTranslateOperation(position));
         }
         
         public TestPlan ExpectCanvasTranslate(float left, float top)
         {
-            return AddOperation(new CanvasTranslateOperationBase(new Position(left, top)));
+            return AddOperation(new CanvasTranslateOperation(new Position(left, top)));
         }
 
+        public TestPlan ExpectCanvasScale(float scaleX, float scaleY)
+        {
+            return AddOperation(new CanvasScaleOperation(scaleX, scaleY));
+        }
+        
+        public TestPlan ExpectCanvasRotate(float angle)
+        {
+            return AddOperation(new CanvasRotateOperation(angle));
+        }
+        
         public TestPlan ExpectCanvasDrawRectangle(Position position, Size size, string color)
         {
-            return AddOperation(new CanvasDrawRectangleOperationBase(position, size, color));
+            return AddOperation(new CanvasDrawRectangleOperation(position, size, color));
         }
         
         public TestPlan ExpectCanvasDrawText(string text, Position position, TextStyle style)
         {
-            return AddOperation(new CanvasDrawTextOperationBase(text, position, style));
+            return AddOperation(new CanvasDrawTextOperation(text, position, style));
         }
         
         public TestPlan ExpectCanvasDrawImage(Position position, Size size)
         {
-            return AddOperation(new CanvasDrawImageOperationBase(position, size));
+            return AddOperation(new CanvasDrawImageOperation(position, size));
         }
         
-        public TestPlan CheckMeasureResult(ISpacePlan expected)
+        public TestPlan CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan expected)
         {
             Element.HandleVisitor(x => x?.Initialize(null, Canvas));
             
             var actual = Element.Measure(OperationInput);
             
             Assert.AreEqual(expected.GetType(), actual.GetType());
-
-            var expectedSize = expected as Size;
-            var actualSize = actual as Size;
-
-            if (expectedSize != null)
-            {
-                Assert.AreEqual(expectedSize.Width, actualSize.Width, "Measure: width");
-                Assert.AreEqual(expectedSize.Height, actualSize.Height, "Measure: height");
-            }
+            
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Width, actual.Width, "Measure: width");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Height, actual.Height, "Measure: height");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Type, actual.Type, "Measure: height");
             
             return this;
         }
@@ -245,10 +248,51 @@ namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine
         
         public static Element CreateUniqueElement()
         {
-            return new Text
+            return new Constrained
             {
-                Value = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N")
+                MinWidth = 90,
+                MinHeight = 60,
+                
+                Child = new DynamicImage
+                {
+                    Source = Placeholders.Image
+                }
             };
         }
+
+        public static void CompareOperations(Element value, Element expected, Size? availableSpace = null)
+        {
+            CompareMeasureOperations(value, expected, availableSpace);
+            CompareDrawOperations(value, expected, availableSpace);
+        }
+        
+        private static void CompareMeasureOperations(Element value, Element expected, Size? availableSpace = null)
+        {
+            availableSpace ??= new Size(400, 300);
+            
+            var canvas = new FreeCanvas();
+            value.HandleVisitor(x => x.Initialize(null, canvas));
+            var valueMeasure = value.Measure(availableSpace.Value);
+            
+            expected.HandleVisitor(x => x.Initialize(null, canvas));
+            var expectedMeasure = expected.Measure(availableSpace.Value);
+            
+            valueMeasure.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expectedMeasure);
+        }
+        
+        private static void CompareDrawOperations(Element value, Element expected, Size? availableSpace = null)
+        {
+            availableSpace ??= new Size(400, 300);
+            
+            var valueCanvas = new OperationRecordingCanvas();
+            value.HandleVisitor(x => x.Initialize(null, valueCanvas));
+            value.Draw(availableSpace.Value);
+            
+            var expectedCanvas = new OperationRecordingCanvas();
+            expected.HandleVisitor(x => x.Initialize(null, expectedCanvas));
+            expected.Draw(availableSpace.Value);
+            
+            valueCanvas.Operations.Should().BeEquivalentTo(expectedCanvas.Operations);
+        }
     }
 }

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TestsBase.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+using FluentAssertions;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
+{
+    [SetUpFixture]
+    public class TestsBase
+    {
+        [OneTimeSetUp]
+        public void RunBeforeAnyTests()
+        {
+            AssertionOptions.AssertEquivalencyUsing(options => options
+                .IncludingNestedObjects()
+                .IncludingInternalProperties()
+                .IncludingInternalFields()
+                .AllowingInfiniteRecursion()
+                .RespectingRuntimeTypes()
+                .WithTracing()
+                .WithStrictOrdering());
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TextTests.cs

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-using NUnit.Framework;
-
-namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
-{
-    [TestFixture]
-    public class TextTests
-    {
-        
-    }
-}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/TranslateTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Elements;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class TranslateTests
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure() => SimpleContainerTests.Measure<Translate>();
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Translate
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild(),
+                    TranslateX = 50,
+                    TranslateY = 75
+                })
+                .DrawElement(new Size(400, 300))
+                .ExpectCanvasTranslate(50, 75)
+                .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(400, 300))
+                .ExpectCanvasTranslate(-50, -75)
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF.UnitTests/UnconstrainedTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
+using QuestPDF.Elements;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+using QuestPDF.UnitTests.TestEngine;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class UnconstrainedTests
+    {
+        #region measure
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_Wrap()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Unconstrained
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild()
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(900, 800))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(Size.Max, SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.Wrap());
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_PartialRender()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Unconstrained
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild()
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(900, 800))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(Size.Max, SpacePlan.PartialRender(1200, 1600))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.PartialRender(Size.Zero));
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Measure_FullRender()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Unconstrained
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild()
+                })
+                .MeasureElement(new Size(900, 800))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(Size.Max, SpacePlan.FullRender(1200, 1600))
+                .CheckMeasureResult(SpacePlan.FullRender(Size.Zero));
+        }
+        
+        #endregion
+        
+        #region draw
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw_SkipWhenChildWraps()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Unconstrained
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild()
+                })
+                .DrawElement(new Size(900, 800))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(Size.Max, SpacePlan.Wrap())
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw_WhenChildPartiallyRenders()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Unconstrained
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild()
+                })
+                .DrawElement(new Size(900, 800))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(Size.Max, SpacePlan.PartialRender(1200, 1600))
+                .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(1200, 1600))
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        public void Draw_WhenChildFullyRenders()
+        {
+            TestPlan
+                .For(x => new Unconstrained
+                {
+                    Child = x.CreateChild()
+                })
+                .DrawElement(new Size(900, 800))
+                .ExpectChildMeasure(Size.Max, SpacePlan.FullRender(1600, 1000))
+                .ExpectChildDraw(new Size(1600, 1000))
+                .CheckDrawResult();
+        }
+        
+        #endregion
+    }
+}

QuestPDF/Assembly.cs

@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@
 
 [assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("DynamicProxyGenAssembly2")]
 [assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("QuestPDF.UnitTests")]
-[assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("QuestPDF.Examples")]
+[assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("QuestPDF.Examples")]
+[assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("QuestPDF.ReportSample")]

QuestPDF/Drawing/DocumentContainer.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Fluent;
-using QuestPDF.Helpers;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Drawing

QuestPDF/Drawing/DocumentGenerator.cs

@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
 using QuestPDF.Drawing.Exceptions;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing.Proxy;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
-using QuestPDF.Fluent;
-using QuestPDF.Helpers;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
-using SkiaSharp;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
 {
@@ -40,11 +36,22 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
             var metadata = document.GetMetadata();
             var pageContext = new PageContext();
 
-            RenderPass(pageContext, new FreeCanvas(), content, metadata);
-            RenderPass(pageContext, canvas, content, metadata);
+            DebuggingState debuggingState = null;
+
+            if (System.Diagnostics.Debugger.IsAttached)
+            {
+                debuggingState = ApplyDebugging(content);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ApplyCaching(content);
+            }
+
+            RenderPass(pageContext, new FreeCanvas(), content, metadata, debuggingState);
+            RenderPass(pageContext, canvas, content, metadata, debuggingState);
         }
         
-        private static void RenderPass<TCanvas>(PageContext pageContext, TCanvas canvas, Container content, DocumentMetadata documentMetadata)
+        internal static void RenderPass<TCanvas>(PageContext pageContext, TCanvas canvas, Container content, DocumentMetadata documentMetadata, DebuggingState? debuggingState)
             where TCanvas : ICanvas, IRenderingCanvas
         {
             content.HandleVisitor(x => x?.Initialize(pageContext, canvas));
@@ -57,10 +64,15 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
             while(true)
             {
                 pageContext.SetPageNumber(currentPage);
-                var spacePlan = content.Measure(Size.Max) as Size;
+                debuggingState?.Reset();
+                
+                var spacePlan = content.Measure(Size.Max);
 
-                if (spacePlan == null)
-                    break;
+                if (spacePlan.Type == SpacePlanType.Wrap)
+                {
+                    canvas.EndDocument();
+                    ThrowLayoutException();
+                }
 
                 try
                 {
@@ -78,16 +90,45 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
                 if (currentPage >= documentMetadata.DocumentLayoutExceptionThreshold)
                 {
                     canvas.EndDocument();
-                    throw new DocumentLayoutException("Composed layout generates infinite document.");
+                    ThrowLayoutException();
                 }
                 
-                if (spacePlan is FullRender)
+                if (spacePlan.Type == SpacePlanType.FullRender)
                     break;
 
                 currentPage++;
             }
             
             canvas.EndDocument();
+
+            void ThrowLayoutException()
+            {
+                throw new DocumentLayoutException("Composed layout generates infinite document.")
+                {
+                    ElementTrace = debuggingState?.BuildTrace() ?? "Debug trace is available only in the DEBUG mode."
+                };
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static void ApplyCaching(Container content)
+        {
+            content.HandleVisitor(x =>
+            {
+                if (x is ICacheable)
+                    x.CreateProxy(y => new CacheProxy(y));
+            });
+        }
+
+        private static DebuggingState ApplyDebugging(Container content)
+        {
+            var debuggingState = new DebuggingState();
+
+            content.HandleVisitor(x =>
+            {
+                x.CreateProxy(y => new DebuggingProxy(debuggingState, y));
+            });
+
+            return debuggingState;
         }
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Drawing/DocumentMetadata.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 using System;
-using QuestPDF.Helpers;
-using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
 {

QuestPDF/Drawing/Exceptions/DocumentLayoutException.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing.Exceptions
 {
     public class DocumentLayoutException : Exception
     {
+        public string ElementTrace { get; set; }
+        
         public DocumentLayoutException()
         {
             

QuestPDF/Drawing/FontManager.cs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.IO;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using SkiaSharp;
 
@@ -10,6 +9,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
     public static class FontManager
     {
         private static ConcurrentDictionary<string, SKTypeface> Typefaces = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, SKTypeface>();
+        private static ConcurrentDictionary<string, SKFontMetrics> FontMetrics = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, SKFontMetrics>();
         private static ConcurrentDictionary<string, SKPaint> Paints = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, SKPaint>();
         private static ConcurrentDictionary<string, SKPaint> ColorPaint = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, SKPaint>();
 
@@ -42,15 +42,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
                     Color = SKColor.Parse(style.Color),
                     Typeface = GetTypeface(style),
                     TextSize = style.Size,
-                    TextEncoding = SKTextEncoding.Utf32,
-                    
-                    TextAlign = style.Alignment switch
-                    {
-                        HorizontalAlignment.Left => SKTextAlign.Left,
-                        HorizontalAlignment.Center => SKTextAlign.Center,
-                        HorizontalAlignment.Right => SKTextAlign.Right,
-                        _ => SKTextAlign.Left
-                    }
+                    TextEncoding = SKTextEncoding.Utf32
                 };
             }
 
@@ -66,15 +58,9 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
             }
         }
 
-        internal static TextMeasurement BreakText(this TextStyle style, string text, float availableWidth)
+        internal static SKFontMetrics ToFontMetrics(this TextStyle style)
         {
-            var index = (int)style.ToPaint().BreakText(text, availableWidth, out var width);
-            
-            return new TextMeasurement()
-            {
-                LineIndex = index,
-                FragmentWidth = width
-            };
+            return FontMetrics.GetOrAdd(style.ToString(), key => style.ToPaint().FontMetrics);
         }
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Drawing/FreeCanvas.cs

@@ -66,6 +66,16 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
             
         }
 
+        public void Rotate(float angle)
+        {
+            
+        }
+
+        public void Scale(float scaleX, float scaleY)
+        {
+            
+        }
+
         #endregion
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Drawing/PdfCanvas.cs

@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
 
         public override void EndDocument()
         {
-            Canvas.Dispose();
+            Canvas?.Dispose();
             
-            Document.Close();
-            Document.Dispose();
+            Document?.Close();
+            Document?.Dispose();
         }
 
         public override void BeginPage(Size size)

QuestPDF/Drawing/Proxy/CacheProxy.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+using System;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.Drawing.Proxy
+{
+    internal class CacheProxy : ElementProxy
+    {
+        public Size? AvailableSpace { get; set; }
+        public SpacePlan? MeasurementResult { get; set; }
+
+        public CacheProxy(Element child)
+        {
+            Child = child;
+        }
+        
+        internal override SpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace)
+        {
+            if (MeasurementResult != null &&
+                AvailableSpace != null &&
+                IsClose(AvailableSpace.Value.Width, availableSpace.Width) &&
+                IsClose(AvailableSpace.Value.Height, availableSpace.Height))
+            {
+                return MeasurementResult.Value;
+            }
+
+            AvailableSpace = availableSpace;
+            MeasurementResult = base.Measure(availableSpace);
+
+            return MeasurementResult.Value;
+        }
+
+        internal override void Draw(Size availableSpace)
+        { 
+            AvailableSpace = null;
+            MeasurementResult = null;
+            
+            base.Draw(availableSpace);
+        }
+
+        private bool IsClose(float x, float y)
+        {
+            return Math.Abs(x - y) < Size.Epsilon;
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF/Drawing/Proxy/DebugStackItem.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.Drawing.Proxy
+{
+    public class DebugStackItem
+    {
+        public IElement Element { get; internal set; }
+        public Size AvailableSpace { get; internal set; }
+        public SpacePlan SpacePlan { get; internal set; }
+
+        public ICollection<DebugStackItem> Stack { get; internal set; } = new List<DebugStackItem>();
+    }
+}

QuestPDF/Drawing/Proxy/DebuggingProxy.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.Drawing.Proxy
+{
+    internal class DebuggingProxy : ElementProxy
+    {
+        private DebuggingState DebuggingState { get; }
+
+        public DebuggingProxy(DebuggingState debuggingState, Element child)
+        {
+            DebuggingState = debuggingState;
+            Child = child;
+        }
+        
+        internal override SpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace)
+        {
+            DebuggingState.RegisterMeasure(Child, availableSpace);
+            var spacePlan = base.Measure(availableSpace);
+            DebuggingState.RegisterMeasureResult(Child, spacePlan);
+
+            return spacePlan;
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF/Drawing/Proxy/DebuggingState.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using QuestPDF.Elements;
+using QuestPDF.Helpers;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.Drawing.Proxy
+{
+    internal class DebuggingState
+    {
+        private DebugStackItem Root { get; set; }
+        private Stack<DebugStackItem> Stack { get; set; }
+
+        public DebuggingState()
+        {
+            Reset();
+        }
+        
+        public void Reset()
+        {
+            Root = null;
+            Stack = new Stack<DebugStackItem>();
+        }
+        
+        public void RegisterMeasure(IElement element, Size availableSpace)
+        {
+            if (element.GetType() == typeof(Container))
+                return;
+            
+            var item = new DebugStackItem
+            {
+                Element = element,
+                AvailableSpace = availableSpace
+            };
+
+            Root ??= item;
+            
+            if (Stack.Any())
+                Stack.Peek().Stack.Add(item);
+
+            Stack.Push(item);
+        }
+
+        public void RegisterMeasureResult(IElement element, SpacePlan spacePlan)
+        {
+            if (element.GetType() == typeof(Container))
+                return;
+            
+            var item = Stack.Pop();
+
+            if (item.Element != element)
+                throw new Exception();
+            
+            item.SpacePlan = spacePlan;
+        }
+        
+        public string BuildTrace()
+        {
+            var builder = new StringBuilder();
+            var nestingLevel = 0;
+
+            Traverse(Root);
+            return builder.ToString();
+
+            void Traverse(DebugStackItem item)
+            {
+                var indent = new string(' ', nestingLevel * 4);
+                var title = item.Element.GetType().Name;
+
+                if (item.Element is DebugPointer debugPointer)
+                {
+                    title = debugPointer.Target;
+                    title += debugPointer.Highlight ? " 🌟" : string.Empty;
+                }
+                
+                if (item.SpacePlan.Type == SpacePlanType.Wrap)
+                    title = "🔥 " + title;
+
+                builder.AppendLine(indent + title);
+                builder.AppendLine(indent + new string('-', title.Length));
+                
+                builder.AppendLine(indent + "Available space: " + item.AvailableSpace);
+                builder.AppendLine(indent + "Requested space: " + item.SpacePlan);
+                
+                foreach (var configuration in GetElementConfiguration(item.Element))
+                    builder.AppendLine(indent + configuration);
+
+                builder.AppendLine();
+                
+                nestingLevel++;
+                item.Stack.ToList().ForEach(Traverse);
+                nestingLevel--;
+            }
+
+            static IEnumerable<string> GetElementConfiguration(IElement element)
+            {
+                if (element is DebugPointer)
+                    return Enumerable.Empty<string>();
+                
+                return element
+                    .GetType()
+                    .GetProperties()
+                    .Select(x => new
+                    {
+                        Property = x.Name.PrettifyName(),
+                        Value = x.GetValue(element)
+                    })
+                    .Where(x => !(x.Value is IElement))
+                    .Where(x => !(x.Value is IEnumerable<IElement>))
+                    .Where(x => !(x.Value is TextStyle))
+                    .Select(x => $"{x.Property}: {FormatValue(x.Value)}");
+
+                string FormatValue(object value)
+                {
+                    const int maxLength = 100;
+                    
+                    var text = value?.ToString() ?? "-";
+
+                    if (text.Length < maxLength)
+                        return text;
+
+                    return text.AsSpan(0, maxLength).ToString() + "...";
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF/Drawing/Proxy/ElementProxy.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.Drawing.Proxy
+{
+    internal class ElementProxy : ContainerElement
+    {
+        
+    }
+}

QuestPDF/Drawing/SkiaCanvasBase.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using SkiaSharp;
 
@@ -54,5 +51,15 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
         {
             Canvas.DrawNamedDestinationAnnotation(new SKPoint(0, 0), locationName);
         }
+
+        public void Rotate(float angle)
+        {
+            Canvas.RotateDegrees(angle);
+        }
+
+        public void Scale(float scaleX, float scaleY)
+        {
+            Canvas.Scale(scaleX, scaleY);
+        }
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Drawing/SpacePlan.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
+{
+    public readonly struct SpacePlan
+    {
+        public readonly SpacePlanType Type;
+        public readonly float Width;
+        public readonly float Height;
+
+        internal SpacePlan(SpacePlanType type, float width, float height)
+        {
+            Type = type;
+            Width = width;
+            Height = height;
+        }
+
+        internal static SpacePlan Wrap() => new SpacePlan(SpacePlanType.Wrap, 0, 0);
+        
+        internal static SpacePlan PartialRender(float width, float height) => new SpacePlan(SpacePlanType.PartialRender, width, height);
+
+        internal static SpacePlan PartialRender(Size size) => PartialRender(size.Width, size.Height);
+        
+        internal static SpacePlan FullRender(float width, float height) => new SpacePlan(SpacePlanType.FullRender, width, height);
+
+        internal static SpacePlan FullRender(Size size) => FullRender(size.Width, size.Height);
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            if (Type == SpacePlanType.Wrap)
+                return Type.ToString();
+            
+            return $"{Type} | width {Width:N2} | height {Height:N2}";
+        }
+
+        public static implicit operator Size(SpacePlan spacePlan)
+        {
+            return new Size(spacePlan.Width, spacePlan.Height);
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF/Drawing/SpacePlan/FullRender.cs

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
-
-namespace QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan
-{
-    internal class FullRender : Size, ISpacePlan
-    {
-        public FullRender(Size size) : this(size.Width, size.Height)
-        {
-            
-        }
-        
-        public FullRender(float width, float height) : base(width, height)
-        {
-            
-        }
-        
-        public override string ToString() => $"FullRender {base.ToString()}";
-    }
-}

QuestPDF/Drawing/SpacePlan/ISpacePlan.cs

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-namespace QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan
-{
-    internal interface ISpacePlan
-    {
-        
-    }
-}

QuestPDF/Drawing/SpacePlan/PartialRender.cs

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
-
-namespace QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan
-{
-    internal class PartialRender : Size, ISpacePlan
-    {
-        public PartialRender(Size size) : this(size.Width, size.Height)
-        {
-            
-        }
-        
-        public PartialRender(float width, float height) : base(width, height)
-        {
-            
-        }
-        
-        public override string ToString() => $"PartialRender {base.ToString()}";
-    }
-}

QuestPDF/Drawing/SpacePlan/Wrap.cs

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-namespace QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan
-{
-    internal class Wrap : ISpacePlan
-    {
-        public override string ToString() => "Wrap";
-    }
-}

QuestPDF/Drawing/SpacePlanType.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
+{
+    public enum SpacePlanType
+    {
+        Wrap,
+        PartialRender,
+        FullRender
+    }
+}

QuestPDF/Drawing/TextMeasurement.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-namespace QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan
+namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
 {
     internal struct TextMeasurement
     {

QuestPDF/Elements/Alignment.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Elements
@@ -13,16 +14,16 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
             if (Child == null)
                 return;
             
-            var childSize = Child.Measure(availableSpace) as Size;
+            var childSize = base.Measure(availableSpace);
             
-            if (childSize == null)
+            if (childSize.Type == SpacePlanType.Wrap)
                 return;
             
             var top = GetTopOffset(availableSpace, childSize);
             var left = GetLeftOffset(availableSpace, childSize);
             
             Canvas.Translate(new Position(left, top));
-            Child.Draw(childSize);
+            base.Draw(childSize);
             Canvas.Translate(new Position(-left, -top));
         }
         

QuestPDF/Elements/AspectRatio.cs

@@ -1,37 +1,37 @@
 using System;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Elements
 {
-    internal class AspectRatio : ContainerElement
+    internal class AspectRatio : ContainerElement, ICacheable
     {
         public float Ratio { get; set; } = 1;
         public AspectRatioOption Option { get; set; } = AspectRatioOption.FitWidth;
         
-        internal override ISpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace)
+        internal override SpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace)
         {
             if(Child == null)
-                return new FullRender(Size.Zero);
+                return SpacePlan.FullRender(0, 0);
             
             var targetSize = GetTargetSize(availableSpace);
             
             if (targetSize.Height > availableSpace.Height + Size.Epsilon)
-                return new Wrap();
+                return SpacePlan.Wrap();
             
             if (targetSize.Width > availableSpace.Width + Size.Epsilon)
-                return new Wrap();
+                return SpacePlan.Wrap();
 
-            var childSize = Child.Measure(targetSize);
+            var childSize = base.Measure(targetSize);
 
-            if (childSize is Wrap)
-                return new Wrap();
+            if (childSize.Type == SpacePlanType.Wrap)
+                return SpacePlan.Wrap();
 
-            if (childSize is PartialRender)
-                return new PartialRender(targetSize);
+            if (childSize.Type == SpacePlanType.PartialRender)
+                return SpacePlan.PartialRender(targetSize);
 
-            if (childSize is FullRender)
-                return new FullRender(targetSize);
+            if (childSize.Type == SpacePlanType.FullRender)
+                return SpacePlan.FullRender(targetSize);
             
             throw new NotSupportedException();
         }
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
                 return;
             
             var size = GetTargetSize(availableSpace);
-            Child?.Draw(size);
+            base.Draw(size);
         }
         
         private Size GetTargetSize(Size availableSpace)

QuestPDF/Elements/Background.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
         internal override void Draw(Size availableSpace)
         {
             Canvas.DrawRectangle(Position.Zero, availableSpace, Color);
-            Child?.Draw(availableSpace);
+            base.Draw(availableSpace);
         }
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Elements/Border.cs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
 
         internal override void Draw(Size availableSpace)
         {
-            Child?.Draw(availableSpace);
+            base.Draw(availableSpace);
             
             Canvas.DrawRectangle(
                 new Position(-Left/2, -Top/2), 
@@ -36,5 +36,10 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
                 new Size(Right, availableSpace.Height + Top/2 + Bottom/2), 
                 Color);
         }
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return $"Border: Top({Top}) Right({Right}) Bottom({Bottom}) Left({Left}) Color({Color})";
+        }
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Elements/Box.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Elements
 {
@@ -6,12 +7,12 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
     {
         internal override void Draw(Size availableSpace)
         {
-            var targetSize = Child?.Measure(availableSpace) as Size;
+            var targetSize = base.Measure(availableSpace);
             
-            if (targetSize == null)
+            if (targetSize.Type == SpacePlanType.Wrap)
                 return;
             
-            Child?.Draw(targetSize);
+            base.Draw(targetSize);
         }
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Elements/Canvas.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using SkiaSharp;
 
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
 {
     public delegate void DrawOnCanvas(SKCanvas canvas, Size availableSpace);
     
-    internal class Canvas : Element
+    internal class Canvas : Element, ICacheable
     {
         public DrawOnCanvas Handler { get; set; }
         
-        internal override ISpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace)
+        internal override SpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace)
         {
-            return new FullRender(availableSpace);
+            return SpacePlan.FullRender(availableSpace);
         }
 
         internal override void Draw(Size availableSpace)

QuestPDF/Elements/Constrained.cs

@@ -1,45 +1,44 @@
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
-using QuestPDF.Drawing.SpacePlan;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Elements
 {
-    internal class Constrained : ContainerElement
+    internal class Constrained : ContainerElement, ICacheable
     {
         public float? MinWidth { get; set; }
         public float? MaxWidth { get; set; }
-        
+
         public float? MinHeight { get; set; }
         public float? MaxHeight { get; set; }
 
-        internal override ISpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace)
+        internal override SpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace)
         {
             if (MinWidth > availableSpace.Width + Size.Epsilon)
-                return new Wrap();
+                return SpacePlan.Wrap();
             
             if (MinHeight > availableSpace.Height + Size.Epsilon)
-                return new Wrap();
+                return SpacePlan.Wrap();
             
             var available = new Size(
-                MathHelpers.Min(MaxWidth, availableSpace.Width),
-                MathHelpers.Min(MaxHeight, availableSpace.Height));
+                LimitMin(availableSpace.Width, MaxWidth),
+                LimitMin(availableSpace.Height, MaxHeight));
 
-            var measurement = Child?.Measure(available) ?? new FullRender(Size.Zero);
-            var size = measurement as Size;
+            var measurement = base.Measure(available);
 
-            if (measurement is Wrap)
-                return new Wrap();
+            if (measurement.Type == SpacePlanType.Wrap)
+                return SpacePlan.Wrap();
             
             var actualSize = new Size(
-                MathHelpers.Max(MinWidth, size.Width),
-                MathHelpers.Max(MinHeight, size.Height));
+                LimitMax(measurement.Width, MinWidth),
+                LimitMax(measurement.Height, MinHeight));
             
-            if (size is FullRender)
-                return new FullRender(actualSize);
+            if (measurement.Type == SpacePlanType.FullRender)
+                return SpacePlan.FullRender(actualSize);
             
-            if (size is PartialRender)
-                return new PartialRender(actualSize);
+            if (measurement.Type == SpacePlanType.PartialRender)
+                return SpacePlan.PartialRender(actualSize);
             
             throw new NotSupportedException();
         }
@@ -47,23 +46,20 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
         internal override void Draw(Size availableSpace)
         {
             var available = new Size(
-                MathHelpers.Min(MaxWidth, availableSpace.Width),
-                MathHelpers.Min(MaxHeight, availableSpace.Height));
+                LimitMin(availableSpace.Width, MaxWidth),
+                LimitMin(availableSpace.Height, MaxHeight));
             
-            Child?.Draw(available);
+            base.Draw(available);
         }
-    }
-    
-    static class MathHelpers
-    {
-        public static float Min(params float?[] values)
+
+        private float LimitMin(float value, float? limit)
         {
-            return values.Where(x => x.HasValue).Min().Value;
+            return limit.HasValue ? Math.Min(value, limit.Value) : value;
         }
         
-        public static float Max(params float?[] values)
+        private float LimitMax(float value, float? limit)
         {
-            return values.Where(x => x.HasValue).Max().Value;
+            return limit.HasValue ? Math.Max(value, limit.Value) : value;
         }
     }
 }