Implemented simple object cache, and updated some fluent api invocations

Fix documentation link for previewer

QuestPDF.Examples/Engine/RenderingTest.cs

@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Examples.Engine
             return this;
         }
 
-        public RenderingTest ShowResults()
+        public RenderingTest ShowResults(bool value = true)
         {
-            ShowResult = true;
+            ShowResult = value;
             return this;
         }
         

QuestPDF.Examples/QuestPDF.Examples.csproj

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@
     </PropertyGroup>
 
     <ItemGroup>
-        <PackageReference Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="0.13.1" />
+        <PackageReference Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="0.13.2" />
         <PackageReference Include="microcharts" Version="0.9.5.9" />
-        <PackageReference Include="nunit" Version="3.13.2" />
+        <PackageReference Include="nunit" Version="3.13.3" />
-        <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.0.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.2.1" />
-        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="16.4.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.3.1" />
         <PackageReference Include="SkiaSharp" Version="2.80.4" />
         <PackageReference Include="Svg.Skia" Version="0.5.10" />
     </ItemGroup>

QuestPDF.Examples/TableBenchmark.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
-using System.Linq;
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Linq;
 using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
+using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Examples.Engine;
 using QuestPDF.Fluent;
 using QuestPDF.Helpers;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Examples
 {
@@ -11,36 +16,77 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Examples
         [Test]
         public void Benchmark()
         {
-            RenderingTest
+            GenerateAndCollect();
-                .Create()
-                .ProducePdf()
-                .PageSize(PageSizes.A4)
-                .ShowResults()
-                .MaxPages(10_000)
-                .EnableCaching(true)
-                .EnableDebugging(false)
-                .Render(container =>
-                {
-                    container
-                        .Padding(10)
-                        .MinimalBox()
-                        .Border(1)
-                        .Table(table =>
-                        {
-                            const int numberOfRows = 100_000;
-                            const int numberOfColumns = 10;
-                            
-                            table.ColumnsDefinition(columns =>
-                            {
-                                foreach (var _ in Enumerable.Range(0, numberOfColumns))
-                                    columns.RelativeColumn();
-                            });
 
-                            foreach (var row in Enumerable.Range(0, numberOfRows))
+            var stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
-                            foreach (var column in Enumerable.Range(0, numberOfColumns))
+            stopwatch.Start();
-                                table.Cell().Background(Placeholders.BackgroundColor()).Padding(5).Text($"{row}_{column}");
+
-                        });
+            foreach (var _ in Enumerable.Range(0, 10000))
-                });
+            {
+                GenerateAndCollect();
+            }
+            
+            stopwatch.Stop();
+            
+            Console.WriteLine($"Execution time: {stopwatch.Elapsed:g}");
+
+            void GenerateAndCollect()
+            {
+                var container = new Container();
+                
+                container
+                    .Padding(10)
+                    .MinimalBox()
+                    .Border(1)
+                    .Column(column =>
+                    {
+                        const int numberOfRows = 100;
+                        const int numberOfColumns = 10;
+
+                        for (var y = 0; y < numberOfRows; y++)
+                        {
+                            column.Item().Row(row =>
+                            {
+                                for (var x = 0; x < numberOfColumns; x++)
+                                {
+                                    row.RelativeItem()
+                                        
+                                        .Background(Colors.Red.Lighten5)
+                                        .Padding(3)
+                                        
+                                        .Background(Colors.Red.Lighten4)
+                                        .Padding(3)
+                                        
+                                        .Background(Colors.Red.Lighten3)
+                                        .Padding(3)
+                                        
+                                        .Background(Colors.Red.Lighten2)
+                                        .Padding(3)
+                                        
+                                        .Background(Colors.Red.Lighten1)
+                                        .Padding(3)
+                                        
+                                        .Background(Colors.Red.Medium)
+                                        .Padding(3)
+                                        
+                                        .Background(Colors.Red.Darken1)
+                                        .Padding(3)
+                                        
+                                        .Background(Colors.Red.Darken2)
+                                        .Padding(3)
+                                        
+                                        .Background(Colors.Red.Darken3)
+                                        .Padding(3)
+                                        
+                                        .Background(Colors.Red.Darken4)
+                                        .Height(3);
+                                }
+                            });
+                        }  
+                    });
+
+                ElementCacheManager.Collect(container);
+            }
         }
     }
 }

QuestPDF.Previewer/PreviewerWindowViewModel.cs

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Previewer
             CommunicationService.Instance.OnDocumentRefreshed += HandleUpdatePreview;
             
             ShowPdfCommand = ReactiveCommand.Create(ShowPdf);
-            ShowDocumentationCommand = ReactiveCommand.Create(() => OpenLink("https://www.questpdf.com/documentation/api-reference.html"));
+            ShowDocumentationCommand = ReactiveCommand.Create(() => OpenLink("https://www.questpdf.com/api-reference/index.html"));
             SponsorProjectCommand = ReactiveCommand.Create(() => OpenLink("https://github.com/sponsors/QuestPDF"));
         }
 

QuestPDF.ReportSample/PerformanceTests.cs

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.ReportSample
             Content = documentContainer.Compose();
 
             PageContext = new PageContext();
-            DocumentGenerator.RenderPass(PageContext, new FreeCanvas(), Content, Metadata, null);
+            DocumentGenerator.RenderPass(PageContext, new FreeCanvas(), Content, null);
 
             var sw = new Stopwatch();
             sw.Start();
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.ReportSample
         [Benchmark]
         public void GenerationTest()
         {
-            DocumentGenerator.RenderPass(PageContext, new FreeCanvas(), Content, Metadata, null);
+            DocumentGenerator.RenderPass(PageContext, new FreeCanvas(), Content, null);
         }
     }
 }

QuestPDF.ReportSample/Tests.cs

@@ -48,11 +48,10 @@ namespace QuestPDF.ReportSample
             Report.Compose(container);
             var content = container.Compose();
             
-            var metadata = Report.GetMetadata();
             var pageContext = new PageContext();
 
-            DocumentGenerator.RenderPass(pageContext, new FreeCanvas(), content, metadata, null);
+            DocumentGenerator.RenderPass(pageContext, new FreeCanvas(), content, null);
-            DocumentGenerator.RenderPass(pageContext, new FreeCanvas(), content, metadata, null);
+            DocumentGenerator.RenderPass(pageContext, new FreeCanvas(), content, null);
         }
     }
 }

QuestPDF.UnitTests/QuestPDF.UnitTests.csproj

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     </PropertyGroup>
 
     <ItemGroup>
-        <PackageReference Include="FluentAssertions" Version="6.1.0" />
+        <PackageReference Include="FluentAssertions" Version="6.7.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="nunit" Version="3.13.2" />
         <PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.0.0" />
         <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="16.7.0" />

QuestPDF/Drawing/DocumentGenerator.cs

@@ -66,19 +66,19 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
             var content = container.Compose();
             ApplyDefaultTextStyle(content, TextStyle.LibraryDefault);
             
-            var metadata = document.GetMetadata();
+            var debuggingState = Settings.EnableDebugging ? ApplyDebugging(content) : null;
-            var pageContext = new PageContext();
-
-            var debuggingState = metadata.ApplyDebugging ? ApplyDebugging(content) : null;
             
-            if (metadata.ApplyCaching)
+            if (Settings.EnableCaching)
                 ApplyCaching(content);
 
-            RenderPass(pageContext, new FreeCanvas(), content, metadata, debuggingState);
+            var pageContext = new PageContext();
-            RenderPass(pageContext, canvas, content, metadata, debuggingState);
+            RenderPass(pageContext, new FreeCanvas(), content, debuggingState);
+            RenderPass(pageContext, canvas, content, debuggingState);
+            
+            ElementCacheManager.Collect(content);
         }
         
-        internal static void RenderPass<TCanvas>(PageContext pageContext, TCanvas canvas, Container content, DocumentMetadata documentMetadata, DebuggingState? debuggingState)
+        internal static void RenderPass<TCanvas>(PageContext pageContext, TCanvas canvas, Container content, DebuggingState? debuggingState)
             where TCanvas : ICanvas, IRenderingCanvas
         {
             content.VisitChildren(x => x?.Initialize(pageContext, canvas));
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
 
                 canvas.EndPage();
 
-                if (currentPage >= documentMetadata.DocumentLayoutExceptionThreshold)
+                if (currentPage >= Settings.DocumentLayoutExceptionThreshold)
                 {
                     canvas.EndDocument();
                     ThrowLayoutException();
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
             void ThrowLayoutException()
             {
                 var message = $"Composed layout generates infinite document. This may happen in two cases. " +
-                              $"1) Your document and its layout configuration is correct but the content takes more than {documentMetadata.DocumentLayoutExceptionThreshold} pages. " +
+                              $"1) Your document and its layout configuration is correct but the content takes more than {Settings.DocumentLayoutExceptionThreshold} pages. " +
-                              $"In this case, please increase the value {nameof(DocumentMetadata)}.{nameof(DocumentMetadata.DocumentLayoutExceptionThreshold)} property configured in the {nameof(IDocument.GetMetadata)} method. " +
+                              $"In this case, please increase the value {nameof(QuestPDF)}.{nameof(Settings)}.{nameof(Settings.DocumentLayoutExceptionThreshold)} static property. " +
                               $"2) The layout configuration of your document is invalid. Some of the elements require more space than is provided." +
                               $"Please analyze your documents structure to detect this element and fix its size constraints.";
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
                 {
                     if (textBlockItem is TextBlockSpan textSpan)
                     {
-                        textSpan.Style.ApplyGlobalStyle(documentDefaultTextStyle);
+                        textSpan.Style = textSpan.Style.ApplyGlobalStyle(TextStyle.LibraryDefault);
                     }
                     else if (textBlockItem is TextBlockElement textElement)
                     {
@@ -186,18 +186,13 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
             }
 
             if (content is DynamicHost dynamicHost)
-                dynamicHost.TextStyle.ApplyGlobalStyle(documentDefaultTextStyle);
+                dynamicHost.TextStyle = dynamicHost.TextStyle.ApplyGlobalStyle(documentDefaultTextStyle);
-            
-            var targetTextStyle = documentDefaultTextStyle;
             
             if (content is DefaultTextStyle defaultTextStyleElement)
-            {
+               documentDefaultTextStyle = defaultTextStyleElement.TextStyle.ApplyGlobalStyle(documentDefaultTextStyle);
-                defaultTextStyleElement.TextStyle.ApplyParentStyle(documentDefaultTextStyle);
+
-                targetTextStyle = defaultTextStyleElement.TextStyle;
-            }
-            
             foreach (var child in content.GetChildren())
-                ApplyDefaultTextStyle(child, targetTextStyle);
+                ApplyDefaultTextStyle(child, documentDefaultTextStyle);
         }
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Drawing/DocumentMetadata.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
 {
@@ -18,14 +19,26 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
         public DateTime CreationDate { get; set; } = DateTime.Now;
         public DateTime ModifiedDate { get; set; } = DateTime.Now;
 
-        /// <summary>
+        [Obsolete("This API has been moved since version 2022.9. Please use the QuestPDF.Settings.DocumentLayoutExceptionThreshold static property.")]
-        /// If the number of generated pages exceeds this threshold
+        public int DocumentLayoutExceptionThreshold
-        /// (likely due to infinite layout), the exception is thrown.
+        {
-        /// </summary>
+            get => Settings.DocumentLayoutExceptionThreshold;
-        public int DocumentLayoutExceptionThreshold { get; set; } = 250;
+            set => Settings.DocumentLayoutExceptionThreshold = value;
+        }
 
-        public bool ApplyCaching { get; set; } = !System.Diagnostics.Debugger.IsAttached;
+        [Obsolete("This API has been moved since version 2022.9. Please use the QuestPDF.Settings.EnableCaching static property.")]
-        public bool ApplyDebugging { get; set; } = System.Diagnostics.Debugger.IsAttached;
+        public bool ApplyCaching
+        {
+            get => Settings.EnableCaching;
+            set => Settings.EnableCaching = value;
+        }
+        
+        [Obsolete("This API has been moved since version 2022.9. Please use the QuestPDF.Settings.EnableDebugging static property.")]
+        public bool ApplyDebugging
+        {
+            get => Settings.EnableDebugging;
+            set => Settings.EnableDebugging = value;
+        }
 
         public static DocumentMetadata Default => new DocumentMetadata();
     }

QuestPDF/Drawing/ElementCacheManager.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
+{
+    internal class CircularBuffer
+    {
+        private const int BufferSize = 11_000;
+
+        private object[] Buffer = new object[BufferSize];
+        private int WriteIndex { get; set; } = 0;
+        private int ReadIndex { get; set; } = 0;
+        
+        public T Get<T>() where T : class, new()
+        {
+            lock (this)
+            {
+                if (ReadIndex == WriteIndex)
+                    return new T();
+                
+                var index = ReadIndex;
+                ReadIndex = (ReadIndex + 1) % BufferSize;
+                
+                var result = Buffer[index] as T;
+                Buffer[index] = null;
+                
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Store(object value)
+        {
+            lock (this)
+            {
+                Buffer[WriteIndex] = value;
+                WriteIndex = (WriteIndex + 1) % BufferSize;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    // performance analysis:
+    // without: 115s
+    // ConcurrentQueue: 28s
+    // ConcurrentBag: 38s
+    // CircularBuffer: 30s
+    internal static class ElementCacheManager
+    {
+        private static ConcurrentDictionary<Type, ConcurrentQueue<object>> Cache { get; } = new();
+
+        public static T Get<T>() where T : class, new()
+        {
+            var buffer = Cache.GetOrAdd(typeof(T), _=> new ConcurrentQueue<object>());
+            return buffer.TryDequeue(out var result) ? result as T : new T();
+        }
+
+        public static void Store<T>(T element)
+        {
+            var buffer = Cache.GetOrAdd(element.GetType(), _=> new ConcurrentQueue<object>());
+            buffer.Enqueue(element);
+        }
+
+        public static void Collect(Element element)
+        {
+            foreach (var child in element.GetChildren())
+                Collect(child);
+
+            if (element is ICollectable collectable)
+            {
+                collectable.Collect();
+                Store(element);   
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF/Drawing/FontManager.cs

@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
 {
     public static class FontManager
     {
-        private static ConcurrentDictionary<string, FontStyleSet> StyleSets = new();
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, FontStyleSet> StyleSets = new();
-        private static ConcurrentDictionary<object, SKFontMetrics> FontMetrics = new();
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<TextStyle, SKFontMetrics> FontMetrics = new();
-        private static ConcurrentDictionary<object, SKPaint> FontPaints = new();
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<TextStyle, SKPaint> FontPaints = new();
-        private static ConcurrentDictionary<string, SKPaint> ColorPaints = new();
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, SKPaint> ColorPaints = new();
-        private static ConcurrentDictionary<object, Font> ShaperFonts = new();
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<TextStyle, Font> ShaperFonts = new();
-        private static ConcurrentDictionary<object, SKFont> Fonts = new();
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<TextStyle, SKFont> Fonts = new();
-        private static ConcurrentDictionary<object, TextShaper> TextShapers = new();
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<TextStyle, TextShaper> TextShapers = new();
 
         static FontManager()
         {
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
 
         internal static SKPaint ToPaint(this TextStyle style)
         {
-            return FontPaints.GetOrAdd(style.PaintKey, key => Convert(style));
+            return FontPaints.GetOrAdd(style, Convert);
 
             static SKPaint Convert(TextStyle style)
             {
@@ -172,14 +172,14 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
 
         internal static SKFontMetrics ToFontMetrics(this TextStyle style)
         {
-            return FontMetrics.GetOrAdd(style.FontMetricsKey, key => style.NormalPosition().ToPaint().FontMetrics);
+            return FontMetrics.GetOrAdd(style, key => key.NormalPosition().ToPaint().FontMetrics);
         }
 
         internal static Font ToShaperFont(this TextStyle style)
         {
-            return ShaperFonts.GetOrAdd(style.PaintKey, _ =>
+            return ShaperFonts.GetOrAdd(style, key =>
             {
-                var typeface = style.ToPaint().Typeface;
+                var typeface = key.ToPaint().Typeface;
 
                 using var harfBuzzBlob = typeface.OpenStream(out var ttcIndex).ToHarfBuzzBlob();
                 
@@ -200,12 +200,12 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
         
         internal static TextShaper ToTextShaper(this TextStyle style)
         {
-            return TextShapers.GetOrAdd(style.PaintKey, _ => new TextShaper(style));
+            return TextShapers.GetOrAdd(style, key => new TextShaper(key));
         }
         
         internal static SKFont ToFont(this TextStyle style)
         {
-            return Fonts.GetOrAdd(style.PaintKey, _ => style.ToPaint().ToFont());
+            return Fonts.GetOrAdd(style, key => key.ToPaint().ToFont());
         }
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Drawing/TextShaper.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System;
+using System.Linq;
 using HarfBuzzSharp;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using SkiaSharp;
@@ -9,14 +10,16 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
     internal class TextShaper
     {
         public const int FontShapingScale = 512;
-     
-        private Font Font { get; }
-        private SKPaint Paint { get; }
         
-        public TextShaper(TextStyle style)
+        private TextStyle TextStyle { get; }
+
+        private SKFont Font => TextStyle.ToFont();
+        private Font ShaperFont => TextStyle.ToShaperFont();
+        private SKPaint Paint => TextStyle.ToPaint();
+
+        public TextShaper(TextStyle textStyle)
         {
-            Font = style.ToShaperFont();
+            TextStyle = textStyle;
-            Paint = style.ToPaint();
         }
 
         public TextShapingResult Shape(string text)
@@ -26,7 +29,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
             PopulateBufferWithText(buffer, text);
             buffer.GuessSegmentProperties();
 
-            Font.Shape(buffer);
+            ShaperFont.Shape(buffer);
             
             var length = buffer.Length;
             var glyphInfos = buffer.GlyphInfos;
@@ -52,6 +55,9 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
                 xOffset += glyphPositions[i].XAdvance * scaleX;
                 yOffset += glyphPositions[i].YAdvance * scaleY;
             }
+
+            if (Settings.CheckIfAllTextGlyphsAreAvailableInSpecifiedFont)
+                CheckIfAllGlyphsAreAvailable(glyphs, text);
             
             return new TextShapingResult(glyphs);
         }
@@ -72,6 +78,20 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
             else
                 throw new NotSupportedException("TextEncoding of type GlyphId is not supported.");
         }
+        
+        void CheckIfAllGlyphsAreAvailable(ShapedGlyph[] glyphs, string originalText)
+        {
+            var containsMissingGlyphs = glyphs.Any(x => x.Codepoint == default);
+            
+            if (!containsMissingGlyphs)
+                return;
+            
+            throw new ArgumentException(
+                $"Detected missing font glyphs while rendering text. " +
+                $"This means that the document contains text with characters not present in the assigned font. " +
+                $"Such characters are replaced by placeholders, usually visible as empty rectangles. " +
+                $"Font family used: {TextStyle.FontFamily}. Issue detected in text: '{originalText}'");
+        }
     }
     
     internal struct ShapedGlyph
@@ -129,6 +149,9 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Drawing
         {
             if (Glyphs.Length == 0)
                 return null;
+
+            if (startIndex > endIndex)
+                return null;
             
             using var skTextBlobBuilder = new SKTextBlobBuilder();
             

QuestPDF/Elements/Border.cs

@@ -41,5 +41,15 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
         {
             return $"Border: Top({Top}) Right({Right}) Bottom({Bottom}) Left({Left}) Color({Color})";
         }
+        
+        public override void Collect()
+        {
+            base.Collect();
+            
+            Left = 0;
+            Right = 0;
+            Bottom = 0;
+            Top = 0;
+        }
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Elements/Canvas.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using QuestPDF.Drawing;
+using QuestPDF.Helpers;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using SkiaSharp;
 
@@ -12,7 +13,9 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
         
         internal override SpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace)
         {
-            return SpacePlan.FullRender(availableSpace);
+            return availableSpace.IsNegative() 
+                ? SpacePlan.Wrap() 
+                : SpacePlan.FullRender(availableSpace);
         }
 
         internal override void Draw(Size availableSpace)

QuestPDF/Elements/Column.cs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
         public Position Offset { get; set; }
     }
     
-    internal class Column : Element, ICacheable, IStateResettable
+    internal class Column : Element, ICacheable, IStateResettable, ICollectable
     {
         internal List<ColumnItem> Items { get; } = new();
         internal float Spacing { get; set; }
@@ -94,7 +94,12 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
                 if (item.IsRendered)
                     continue;
 
-                var itemSpace = new Size(availableSpace.Width, availableSpace.Height - topOffset);
+                var availableHeight = availableSpace.Height - topOffset;
+                
+                if (availableHeight < 0)
+                    break;
+
+                var itemSpace = new Size(availableSpace.Width, availableHeight);
                 var measurement = item.Measure(itemSpace);
                 
                 if (measurement.Type == SpacePlanType.Wrap)
@@ -119,5 +124,10 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
             
             return commands;
         }
+
+        public void Collect()
+        {
+            Items.Clear();
+        }
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Elements/Container.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
 {
     internal class Container : ContainerElement
     {
-        internal Container()
+        public Container()
         {
             
         }

QuestPDF/Elements/Dynamic.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
         private DynamicComponentProxy Child { get; }
         private object InitialComponentState { get; set; }
 
-        internal TextStyle TextStyle { get; } = new();
+        internal TextStyle TextStyle { get; set; } = TextStyle.Default;
 
         public DynamicHost(DynamicComponentProxy child)
         {

QuestPDF/Elements/DynamicImage.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using System;
 using QuestPDF.Drawing;
+using QuestPDF.Helpers;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using SkiaSharp;
 
@@ -11,7 +12,9 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
         
         internal override SpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace)
         {
-            return SpacePlan.FullRender(availableSpace.Width, availableSpace.Height);
+            return availableSpace.IsNegative() 
+                ? SpacePlan.Wrap() 
+                : SpacePlan.FullRender(availableSpace);
         }
 
         internal override void Draw(Size availableSpace)

QuestPDF/Elements/Empty.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using QuestPDF.Drawing;
+using QuestPDF.Helpers;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Elements
@@ -9,7 +10,9 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
         
         internal override SpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace)
         {
-            return SpacePlan.FullRender(0, 0);
+            return availableSpace.IsNegative() 
+                ? SpacePlan.Wrap() 
+                : SpacePlan.FullRender(0, 0);
         }
 
         internal override void Draw(Size availableSpace)

QuestPDF/Elements/Image.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using QuestPDF.Drawing;
+using QuestPDF.Helpers;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using SkiaSharp;
 
@@ -15,7 +16,9 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
         
         internal override SpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace)
         {
-            return SpacePlan.FullRender(availableSpace);
+            return availableSpace.IsNegative() 
+                ? SpacePlan.Wrap() 
+                : SpacePlan.FullRender(availableSpace);
         }
 
         internal override void Draw(Size availableSpace)

QuestPDF/Elements/Line.cs

@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
         
         internal override SpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace)
         {
+            if (availableSpace.IsNegative())
+                return SpacePlan.Wrap();
+            
             return Type switch
             {
                 LineType.Vertical when availableSpace.Width + Infrastructure.Size.Epsilon >= Size => SpacePlan.FullRender(Size, 0),

QuestPDF/Elements/Padding.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Elements
 {
-    internal class Padding : ContainerElement, ICacheable
+    internal class Padding : ContainerElement, ICacheable, ICollectable
     {
         public float Top { get; set; }
         public float Right { get; set; }
@@ -62,5 +62,15 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
         {
             return $"Padding: Top({Top}) Right({Right}) Bottom({Bottom}) Left({Left})";
         }
+        
+        public override void Collect()
+        {
+            base.Collect();
+            
+            Left = 0;
+            Right = 0;
+            Bottom = 0;
+            Top = 0;
+        }
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Elements/PageBreak.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using QuestPDF.Drawing;
+using QuestPDF.Helpers;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Elements
@@ -14,6 +15,9 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
 
         internal override SpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace)
         {
+            if (availableSpace.IsNegative())
+                return SpacePlan.Wrap();
+            
             if (IsRendered)
                 return SpacePlan.FullRender(0, 0);
 

QuestPDF/Elements/Row.cs

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
         public Position Offset { get; set; }
     }
     
-    internal class Row : Element, ICacheable, IStateResettable
+    internal class Row : Element, ICacheable, IStateResettable, ICollectable
     {
         internal List<RowItem> Items { get; } = new();
         internal float Spacing { get; set; }
@@ -156,5 +156,10 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements
             
             return renderingCommands;
         }
+
+        public void Collect()
+        {
+            Items.Clear();
+        }
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Elements/Text/Items/TextBlockSpan.cs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements.Text.Items
     internal class TextBlockSpan : ITextBlockItem
     {
         public string Text { get; set; }
-        public TextStyle Style { get; set; } = new();
+        public TextStyle Style { get; set; } = TextStyle.Default;
         public TextShapingResult? TextShapingResult { get; set; }
 
         private Dictionary<(int startIndex, float availableWidth), TextMeasurementResult?> MeasureCache = new ();
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements.Text.Items
             // start breaking text from requested position
             var endIndex = TextShapingResult.BreakText(startIndex, request.AvailableWidth);
 
-            if (endIndex < 0)
+            if (endIndex < startIndex)
                 return null;
   
             // break text only on spaces

QuestPDF/Elements/Text/TextBlock.cs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Elements.Text
 {
-    internal class TextBlock : Element, IStateResettable
+    internal class TextBlock : Element, IStateResettable, ICollectable
     {
         public HorizontalAlignment Alignment { get; set; } = HorizontalAlignment.Left;
         public List<ITextBlockItem> Items { get; set; } = new List<ITextBlockItem>();
@@ -38,6 +38,11 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Elements.Text
                     RenderingQueue.Enqueue(item);
             }
         }
+        
+        public void Collect()
+        {
+            Items.Clear();
+        }
 
         internal override SpacePlan Measure(Size availableSpace)
         {

QuestPDF/Fluent/BorderExtensions.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
     {
         private static IContainer Border(this IContainer element, Action<Border> handler)
         {
-            var border = element as Border ?? new Border();
+            var border = element as Border ?? ElementCacheManager.Get<Border>();
             handler(border);
             
             return element.Element(border);

QuestPDF/Fluent/ColumnExtensions.cs

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 using System;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+using Container = System.ComponentModel.Container;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
 {
     public class ColumnDescriptor
     {
-        internal Column Column { get; } = new();
+        internal Column Column { get; set; }
 
         public void Spacing(float value, Unit unit = Unit.Point)
         {
@@ -15,14 +17,9 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
         
         public IContainer Item()
         {
-            var container = new Container();
+            var columnItem = ElementCacheManager.Get<ColumnItem>();
-            
+            Column.Items.Add(columnItem);
-            Column.Items.Add(new ColumnItem
+            return columnItem;
-            {
-                Child = container
-            });
-            
-            return container;
         }
     }
     
@@ -36,7 +33,8 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
         
         public static void Column(this IContainer element, Action<ColumnDescriptor> handler)
         {
-            var descriptor = new ColumnDescriptor();
+            var descriptor = ElementCacheManager.Get<ColumnDescriptor>();
+            descriptor.Column = ElementCacheManager.Get<Column>();
             handler(descriptor);
             element.Element(descriptor.Column);
         }

QuestPDF/Fluent/ElementExtensions.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Drawing.Exceptions;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
@@ -52,10 +53,10 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
 
         public static IContainer Background(this IContainer element, string color)
         {
-            return element.Element(new Background
+            var background = ElementCacheManager.Get<Background>();
-            {
+            background.Color = color;
-                Color = color
+
-            });
+            return element.Element(background);
         }
 
         public static void Placeholder(this IContainer element, string? text = null)
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
         
         public static IContainer MinimalBox(this IContainer element)
         {
-            return element.Element(new MinimalBox());
+            return element.Element(ElementCacheManager.Get<MinimalBox>());
         }
         
         public static IContainer Unconstrained(this IContainer element)

QuestPDF/Fluent/PaddingExtensions.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
     { 
         private static IContainer Padding(this IContainer element, Action<Padding> handler)
         {
-            var padding = element as Padding ?? new Padding();
+            var padding = element as Padding ?? ElementCacheManager.Get<Padding>();
             handler(padding);
             
             return element.Element(padding);

QuestPDF/Fluent/RowExtensions.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Elements;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
@@ -6,7 +7,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
 {
     public class RowDescriptor
     {
-        internal Row Row { get; } = new();
+        internal Row Row { get; set; } 
 
         public void Spacing(float value)
         {
@@ -15,14 +16,12 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
 
         private IContainer Item(RowItemType type, float size = 0)
         {
-            var element = new RowItem
+            var rowItem = ElementCacheManager.Get<RowItem>();
-            {
+            rowItem.Type = type;
-                Type = type,
+            rowItem.Size = size;
-                Size = size
-            };
             
-            Row.Items.Add(element);
+            Row.Items.Add(rowItem);
-            return element;
+            return rowItem;
         }
         
         [Obsolete("This element has been renamed since version 2022.2. Please use the RelativeItem method.")]
@@ -57,9 +56,12 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
     {
         public static void Row(this IContainer element, Action<RowDescriptor> handler)
         {
-            var descriptor = new RowDescriptor();
+            var descriptor = ElementCacheManager.Get<RowDescriptor>();
+            descriptor.Row = ElementCacheManager.Get<Row>();
+            
             handler(descriptor);
             element.Element(descriptor.Row);
+            ElementCacheManager.Store(descriptor);
         }
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Fluent/TextExtensions.cs

@@ -12,11 +12,18 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
 {
     public class TextSpanDescriptor
     {
-        internal TextStyle TextStyle { get; }
+        internal TextStyle TextStyle = TextStyle.Default;
+        internal Action<TextStyle> AssignTextStyle { get; }
 
-        internal TextSpanDescriptor(TextStyle textStyle)
+        internal TextSpanDescriptor(Action<TextStyle> assignTextStyle)
         {
-            TextStyle = textStyle;
+            AssignTextStyle = assignTextStyle;
+        }
+
+        internal void MutateTextStyle(Func<TextStyle, TextStyle> handler)
+        {
+            TextStyle = handler(TextStyle);
+            AssignTextStyle(TextStyle);
         }
     }
 
@@ -24,16 +31,16 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
     
     public class TextPageNumberDescriptor : TextSpanDescriptor
     {
-        internal PageNumberFormatter FormatFunction { get; private set; } = x => x?.ToString() ?? string.Empty;
+        internal Action<PageNumberFormatter> AssignFormatFunction { get; }
-
+        
-        internal TextPageNumberDescriptor(TextStyle textStyle) : base(textStyle)
+        internal TextPageNumberDescriptor(Action<TextStyle> assignTextStyle, Action<PageNumberFormatter> assignFormatFunction) : base(assignTextStyle)
         {
-            
+            AssignFormatFunction = assignFormatFunction;
         }
 
         public TextPageNumberDescriptor Format(PageNumberFormatter formatter)
         {
-            FormatFunction = formatter ?? FormatFunction;
+            AssignFormatFunction(formatter);
             return this;
         }
     }
@@ -41,7 +48,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
     public class TextDescriptor
     {
         private ICollection<TextBlock> TextBlocks { get; } = new List<TextBlock>();
-        private TextStyle DefaultStyle { get; set; } = TextStyle.Default;
+        private TextStyle? DefaultStyle { get; set; }
         internal HorizontalAlignment Alignment { get; set; } = HorizontalAlignment.Left;
         private float Spacing { get; set; } = 0f;
 
@@ -91,19 +98,15 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
         
         public TextSpanDescriptor Span(string? text)
         {
-            var style = DefaultStyle.Clone();
-            var descriptor = new TextSpanDescriptor(style);
-
             if (text == null)
-                return descriptor;
+                return new TextSpanDescriptor(_ => { });
  
             var items = text
                 .Replace("\r", string.Empty)
                 .Split(new[] { '\n' }, StringSplitOptions.None)
                 .Select(x => new TextBlockSpan
                 {
-                    Text = x,
+                    Text = x
-                    Style = style
                 })
                 .ToList();
 
@@ -118,7 +121,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
                 .ToList()
                 .ForEach(TextBlocks.Add);
 
-            return descriptor;
+            return new TextSpanDescriptor(x => items.ForEach(y => y.Style = x));
         }
 
         public TextSpanDescriptor Line(string? text)
@@ -134,16 +137,10 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
         
         private TextPageNumberDescriptor PageNumber(Func<IPageContext, int?> pageNumber)
         {
-            var style = DefaultStyle.Clone();
+            var textBlockItem = new TextBlockPageNumber();
-            var descriptor = new TextPageNumberDescriptor(style);
+            AddItemToLastTextBlock(textBlockItem);
             
-            AddItemToLastTextBlock(new TextBlockPageNumber
+            return new TextPageNumberDescriptor(x => textBlockItem.Style = x, x => textBlockItem.Source = context => x(pageNumber(context)));
-            {
-                Source = context => descriptor.FormatFunction(pageNumber(context)),
-                Style = style
-            });
-            
-            return descriptor;
         }
 
         public TextPageNumberDescriptor CurrentPageNumber()
@@ -187,20 +184,17 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
             if (IsNullOrEmpty(sectionName))
                 throw new ArgumentException("Section name cannot be null or empty", nameof(sectionName));
 
-            var style = DefaultStyle.Clone();
-            var descriptor = new TextSpanDescriptor(style);
-            
             if (IsNullOrEmpty(text))
-                return descriptor;
+                return new TextSpanDescriptor(_ => { });
-            
+
-            AddItemToLastTextBlock(new TextBlockSectionLink
+            var textBlockItem = new TextBlockSectionLink
             {
-                Style = style,
                 Text = text,
                 SectionName = sectionName
-            });
+            };
 
-            return descriptor;
+            AddItemToLastTextBlock(textBlockItem);
+            return new TextSpanDescriptor(x => textBlockItem.Style = x);
         }
         
         [Obsolete("This element has been renamed since version 2022.3. Please use the SectionLink method.")]
@@ -214,20 +208,17 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
             if (IsNullOrEmpty(url))
                 throw new ArgumentException("Url cannot be null or empty", nameof(url));
 
-            var style = DefaultStyle.Clone();
-            var descriptor = new TextSpanDescriptor(style);
-
             if (IsNullOrEmpty(text))
-                return descriptor;
+                return new TextSpanDescriptor(_ => { });
             
-            AddItemToLastTextBlock(new TextBlockHyperlink
+            var textBlockItem = new TextBlockHyperlink
             {
-                Style = style,
                 Text = text,
                 Url = url
-            });
+            };
 
-            return descriptor;
+            AddItemToLastTextBlock(textBlockItem);
+            return new TextSpanDescriptor(x => textBlockItem.Style = x);
         }
         
         [Obsolete("This element has been renamed since version 2022.3. Please use the Hyperlink method.")]
@@ -251,14 +242,23 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
         internal void Compose(IContainer container)
         {
             TextBlocks.ToList().ForEach(x => x.Alignment = Alignment);
+            
+            if (DefaultStyle != null)
+                container = container.DefaultTextStyle(DefaultStyle);
 
-            container.DefaultTextStyle(DefaultStyle).Column(column =>
+            if (TextBlocks.Count == 1)
+            {
+                container.Element(TextBlocks.First());
+                return;
+            }
+            
+            container.Column(column =>
             {
                 column.Spacing(Spacing);
 
                 foreach (var textBlock in TextBlocks)
                     column.Item().Element(textBlock);
-            });
+            }); 
         }
     }
     

QuestPDF/Fluent/TextSpanDescriptorExtensions.cs

@@ -11,120 +11,124 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
             if (style == null)
                 return descriptor;
             
-            descriptor.TextStyle.OverrideStyle(style);
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.OverrideStyle(style));
             return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T FontColor<T>(this T descriptor, string value) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            descriptor.TextStyle.Color = value;
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.FontColor(value));
             return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T BackgroundColor<T>(this T descriptor, string value) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            descriptor.TextStyle.BackgroundColor = value;
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.BackgroundColor(value));
             return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T FontFamily<T>(this T descriptor, string value) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            descriptor.TextStyle.FontFamily = value;
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.FontFamily(value));
             return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T FontSize<T>(this T descriptor, float value) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            descriptor.TextStyle.Size = value;
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.FontSize(value));
             return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T LineHeight<T>(this T descriptor, float value) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            descriptor.TextStyle.LineHeight = value;
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.LineHeight(value));
             return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T Italic<T>(this T descriptor, bool value = true) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            descriptor.TextStyle.IsItalic = value;
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.Italic(value));
             return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T Strikethrough<T>(this T descriptor, bool value = true) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            descriptor.TextStyle.HasStrikethrough = value;
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.Strikethrough(value));
             return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T Underline<T>(this T descriptor, bool value = true) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            descriptor.TextStyle.HasUnderline = value;
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.Underline(value));
             return descriptor;
         }
 
         public static T WrapAnywhere<T>(this T descriptor, bool value = true) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            descriptor.TextStyle.WrapAnywhere = value;
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.WrapAnywhere(value));
             return descriptor;
         }
 
         #region Weight
         
-        public static T Weight<T>(this T descriptor, FontWeight weight) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
-        {
-            descriptor.TextStyle.FontWeight = weight;
-            return descriptor;
-        }
-        
         public static T Thin<T>(this T descriptor) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            return descriptor.Weight(FontWeight.Thin);
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.Thin());
+            return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T ExtraLight<T>(this T descriptor) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            return descriptor.Weight(FontWeight.ExtraLight);
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.ExtraLight());
+            return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T Light<T>(this T descriptor) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            return descriptor.Weight(FontWeight.Light);
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.Light());
+            return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T NormalWeight<T>(this T descriptor) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            return descriptor.Weight(FontWeight.Normal);
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.NormalWeight());
+            return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T Medium<T>(this T descriptor) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            return descriptor.Weight(FontWeight.Medium);
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.Medium());
+            return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T SemiBold<T>(this T descriptor) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            return descriptor.Weight(FontWeight.SemiBold);
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.SemiBold());
+            return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T Bold<T>(this T descriptor) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            return descriptor.Weight(FontWeight.Bold);
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.Bold());
+            return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T ExtraBold<T>(this T descriptor) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            return descriptor.Weight(FontWeight.ExtraBold);
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.ExtraBold());
+            return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T Black<T>(this T descriptor) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            return descriptor.Weight(FontWeight.Black);
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.Black());
+            return descriptor;
         }
         
         public static T ExtraBlack<T>(this T descriptor) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            return descriptor.Weight(FontWeight.ExtraBlack);
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.ExtraBlack());
+            return descriptor;
         }
 
         #endregion
@@ -132,24 +136,22 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
         #region Position
         public static T NormalPosition<T>(this T descriptor) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            return descriptor.Position(FontPosition.Normal);
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.NormalPosition());
+            return descriptor;
         }
 
         public static T Subscript<T>(this T descriptor) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            return descriptor.Position(FontPosition.Subscript);
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.Subscript());
+            return descriptor;
         }
 
         public static T Superscript<T>(this T descriptor) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
         {
-            return descriptor.Position(FontPosition.Superscript);
+            descriptor.MutateTextStyle(x => x.Superscript());
-        }
-
-        private static T Position<T>(this T descriptor, FontPosition fontPosition) where T : TextSpanDescriptor
-        {
-            descriptor.TextStyle.FontPosition = fontPosition;
             return descriptor;
         }
+        
         #endregion
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Fluent/TextStyleExtensions.cs

@@ -4,16 +4,10 @@ using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
 {
+    
+    
     public static class TextStyleExtensions
     {
-        private static TextStyle Mutate(this TextStyle style, Action<TextStyle> handler)
-        {
-            style = style.Clone();
-            
-            handler(style);
-            return style;
-        }
-        
         [Obsolete("This element has been renamed since version 2022.3. Please use the FontColor method.")]
         public static TextStyle Color(this TextStyle style, string value)
         {
@@ -22,12 +16,12 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
         
         public static TextStyle FontColor(this TextStyle style, string value)
         {
-            return style.Mutate(x => x.Color = value);
+            return style.Mutate(TextStyleProperty.Color, value);
         }
         
         public static TextStyle BackgroundColor(this TextStyle style, string value)
         {
-            return style.Mutate(x => x.BackgroundColor = value);
+            return style.Mutate(TextStyleProperty.BackgroundColor, value);
         }
         
         [Obsolete("This element has been renamed since version 2022.3. Please use the FontFamily method.")]
@@ -38,7 +32,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
         
         public static TextStyle FontFamily(this TextStyle style, string value)
         {
-            return style.Mutate(x => x.FontFamily = value);
+            return style.Mutate(TextStyleProperty.FontFamily, value);
         }
         
         [Obsolete("This element has been renamed since version 2022.3. Please use the FontSize method.")]
@@ -49,39 +43,39 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
         
         public static TextStyle FontSize(this TextStyle style, float value)
         {
-            return style.Mutate(x => x.Size = value);
+            return style.Mutate(TextStyleProperty.Size, value);
         }
         
         public static TextStyle LineHeight(this TextStyle style, float value)
         {
-            return style.Mutate(x => x.LineHeight = value);
+            return style.Mutate(TextStyleProperty.LineHeight, value);
         }
         
         public static TextStyle Italic(this TextStyle style, bool value = true)
         {
-            return style.Mutate(x => x.IsItalic = value);
+            return style.Mutate(TextStyleProperty.IsItalic, value);
         }
         
         public static TextStyle Strikethrough(this TextStyle style, bool value = true)
         {
-            return style.Mutate(x => x.HasStrikethrough = value);
+            return style.Mutate(TextStyleProperty.HasStrikethrough, value);
         }
         
         public static TextStyle Underline(this TextStyle style, bool value = true)
         {
-            return style.Mutate(x => x.HasUnderline = value);
+            return style.Mutate(TextStyleProperty.HasUnderline, value);
         }
         
         public static TextStyle WrapAnywhere(this TextStyle style, bool value = true)
         {
-            return style.Mutate(x => x.WrapAnywhere = value);
+            return style.Mutate(TextStyleProperty.WrapAnywhere, value);
         }
 
         #region Weight
         
         public static TextStyle Weight(this TextStyle style, FontWeight weight)
         {
-            return style.Mutate(x => x.FontWeight = weight);
+            return style.Mutate(TextStyleProperty.FontWeight, weight);
         }
         
         public static TextStyle Thin(this TextStyle style)
@@ -154,10 +148,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Fluent
 
         private static TextStyle Position(this TextStyle style, FontPosition fontPosition)
         {
-            if (style.FontPosition == fontPosition)
+            return style.Mutate(TextStyleProperty.FontPosition, fontPosition);
-                return style;
-
-            return style.Mutate(t => t.FontPosition = fontPosition);
         }
         #endregion
     }

QuestPDF/Helpers/Helpers.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Linq.Expressions;
 using System.Reflection;
 using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
 using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Helpers
@@ -54,5 +55,10 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Helpers
 
             handler(element);
         }
+
+        internal static bool IsNegative(this Size size)
+        {
+            return size.Width < 0f || size.Height < 0f;
+        }
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Infrastructure/ContainerElement.cs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ using QuestPDF.Elements;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Infrastructure
 {
-    internal abstract class ContainerElement : Element, IContainer
+    internal abstract class ContainerElement : Element, IContainer, ICollectable
     {
         internal Element? Child { get; set; } = Empty.Instance;
 
@@ -34,5 +34,10 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Infrastructure
         {
             Child?.Draw(availableSpace);
         }
+
+        public virtual void Collect()
+        {
+            Child = default;
+        }
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Infrastructure/ICollectable.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+namespace QuestPDF.Infrastructure
+{
+    public interface ICollectable
+    {
+        void Collect();
+    }
+}

QuestPDF/Infrastructure/TextStyle.cs

@@ -3,10 +3,8 @@ using QuestPDF.Helpers;
 
 namespace QuestPDF.Infrastructure
 {
-    public class TextStyle
+    public record TextStyle
     {
-        internal bool HasGlobalStyleApplied { get; private set; }
-        
         internal string? Color { get; set; }
         internal string? BackgroundColor { get; set; }
         internal string? FontFamily { get; set; }
@@ -19,13 +17,7 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Infrastructure
         internal bool? HasUnderline { get; set; }
         internal bool? WrapAnywhere { get; set; }
 
-        internal object PaintKey { get; private set; }
+        internal static TextStyle LibraryDefault { get; } = new()
-        internal object FontMetricsKey { get; private set; }
-        
-        // REVIEW: Should this be a method call that news up a TextStyle,
-        // or can it be a static variable?
-        // (style mutations seem to create a clone anyway)
-        internal static readonly TextStyle LibraryDefault = new TextStyle
         {
             Color = Colors.Black,
             BackgroundColor = Colors.Transparent,
@@ -40,58 +32,6 @@ namespace QuestPDF.Infrastructure
             WrapAnywhere = false
         };
 
-        // REVIEW: Should this be a method call that news up a TextStyle,
+        public static TextStyle Default { get; } = new();
-        // or can it be a static variable?
-        // (style mutations seem to create a clone anyway)
-        public static readonly TextStyle Default = new TextStyle();
-        
-        internal void ApplyGlobalStyle(TextStyle globalStyle)
-        {
-            if (HasGlobalStyleApplied)
-                return;
-            
-            HasGlobalStyleApplied = true;
-
-            ApplyParentStyle(globalStyle);
-            PaintKey ??= (FontFamily, Size, FontWeight, FontPosition, IsItalic, Color);
-            FontMetricsKey ??= (FontFamily, Size, FontWeight, IsItalic);
-        }
-        
-        internal void ApplyParentStyle(TextStyle parentStyle)
-        {
-            Color ??= parentStyle.Color;
-            BackgroundColor ??= parentStyle.BackgroundColor;
-            FontFamily ??= parentStyle.FontFamily;
-            Size ??= parentStyle.Size;
-            LineHeight ??= parentStyle.LineHeight;
-            FontWeight ??= parentStyle.FontWeight;
-            FontPosition ??= parentStyle.FontPosition;
-            IsItalic ??= parentStyle.IsItalic;
-            HasStrikethrough ??= parentStyle.HasStrikethrough;
-            HasUnderline ??= parentStyle.HasUnderline;
-            WrapAnywhere ??= parentStyle.WrapAnywhere;
-        }
-
-        internal void OverrideStyle(TextStyle parentStyle)
-        {
-            Color = parentStyle.Color ?? Color;
-            BackgroundColor = parentStyle.BackgroundColor ?? BackgroundColor;
-            FontFamily = parentStyle.FontFamily ?? FontFamily;
-            Size = parentStyle.Size ?? Size;
-            LineHeight = parentStyle.LineHeight ?? LineHeight;
-            FontWeight = parentStyle.FontWeight ?? FontWeight;
-            FontPosition = parentStyle.FontPosition ?? FontPosition;
-            IsItalic = parentStyle.IsItalic ?? IsItalic;
-            HasStrikethrough = parentStyle.HasStrikethrough ?? HasStrikethrough;
-            HasUnderline = parentStyle.HasUnderline ?? HasUnderline;
-            WrapAnywhere = parentStyle.WrapAnywhere ?? WrapAnywhere;
-        }
-        
-        internal TextStyle Clone()
-        {
-            var clone = (TextStyle)MemberwiseClone();
-            clone.HasGlobalStyleApplied = false;
-            return clone;
-        }
     }
 }

QuestPDF/Infrastructure/TextStyleManager.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using QuestPDF.Fluent;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.Infrastructure
+{
+    internal enum TextStyleProperty
+    {
+        Color,
+        BackgroundColor,
+        FontFamily,
+        Size,
+        LineHeight,
+        FontWeight,
+        FontPosition,
+        IsItalic,
+        HasStrikethrough,
+        HasUnderline,
+        WrapAnywhere
+    }
+    
+    internal static class TextStyleManager
+    {
+        public static ConcurrentDictionary<(TextStyle origin, TextStyleProperty property, object value), TextStyle> TextStyleMutateCache = new();
+        public static ConcurrentDictionary<(TextStyle origin, TextStyle parent, bool overrideValue), TextStyle> TextStyleApplyCache = new();
+
+        public static TextStyle Mutate(this TextStyle origin, TextStyleProperty property, object value)
+        {
+            var cacheKey = (origin, property, value);
+            return TextStyleMutateCache.GetOrAdd(cacheKey, x => MutateStyle(x.origin, x.property, x.value));
+        }
+
+        private static TextStyle MutateStyle(TextStyle origin, TextStyleProperty property, object value, bool overrideValue = true)
+        {
+            if (overrideValue && value == null)
+                return origin;
+            
+            if (property == TextStyleProperty.Color)
+            {
+                if (!overrideValue && origin.Color != null)
+                    return origin;
+                
+                var castedValue = (string?)value;
+
+                if (origin.Color == castedValue)
+                    return origin;
+
+                return origin with { Color = castedValue };
+            }
+            
+            if (property == TextStyleProperty.BackgroundColor)
+            {
+                if (!overrideValue && origin.BackgroundColor != null)
+                    return origin;
+                
+                var castedValue = (string?)value;
+                
+                if (origin.BackgroundColor == castedValue)
+                    return origin;
+
+                return origin with { BackgroundColor = castedValue };
+            }
+            
+            if (property == TextStyleProperty.FontFamily)
+            {
+                if (!overrideValue && origin.FontFamily != null)
+                    return origin;
+                
+                var castedValue = (string?)value;
+                
+                if (origin.FontFamily == castedValue)
+                    return origin;
+
+                return origin with { FontFamily = castedValue };
+            }
+            
+            if (property == TextStyleProperty.Size)
+            {
+                if (!overrideValue && origin.Size != null)
+                    return origin;
+                
+                var castedValue = (float?)value;
+                
+                if (origin.Size == castedValue)
+                    return origin;
+
+                return origin with { Size = castedValue };
+            }
+            
+            if (property == TextStyleProperty.LineHeight)
+            {
+                if (!overrideValue && origin.LineHeight != null)
+                    return origin;
+                
+                var castedValue = (float?)value;
+                
+                if (origin.LineHeight == castedValue)
+                    return origin;
+
+                return origin with { LineHeight = castedValue };
+            }
+            
+            if (property == TextStyleProperty.FontWeight)
+            {
+                if (!overrideValue && origin.FontWeight != null)
+                    return origin;
+                
+                var castedValue = (FontWeight?)value;
+                
+                if (origin.FontWeight == castedValue)
+                    return origin;
+
+                return origin with { FontWeight = castedValue };
+            }
+            
+            if (property == TextStyleProperty.FontPosition)
+            {
+                if (!overrideValue && origin.FontPosition != null)
+                    return origin;
+                
+                var castedValue = (FontPosition?)value;
+                
+                if (origin.FontPosition == castedValue)
+                    return origin;
+
+                return origin with { FontPosition = castedValue };
+            }
+            
+            if (property == TextStyleProperty.IsItalic)
+            {
+                if (!overrideValue && origin.IsItalic != null)
+                    return origin;
+                
+                var castedValue = (bool?)value;
+                
+                if (origin.IsItalic == castedValue)
+                    return origin;
+
+                return origin with { IsItalic = castedValue };
+            }
+            
+            if (property == TextStyleProperty.HasStrikethrough)
+            {
+                if (!overrideValue && origin.HasStrikethrough != null)
+                    return origin;
+                
+                var castedValue = (bool?)value;
+                
+                if (origin.HasStrikethrough == castedValue)
+                    return origin;
+
+                return origin with { HasStrikethrough = castedValue };
+            }
+            
+            if (property == TextStyleProperty.HasUnderline)
+            {
+                if (!overrideValue && origin.HasUnderline != null)
+                    return origin;
+                
+                var castedValue = (bool?)value;
+                
+                if (origin.HasUnderline == castedValue)
+                    return origin;
+
+                return origin with { HasUnderline = castedValue };
+            }
+            
+            if (property == TextStyleProperty.WrapAnywhere)
+            {
+                if (!overrideValue && origin.WrapAnywhere != null)
+                    return origin;
+
+                var castedValue = (bool?)value;
+                
+                if (origin.WrapAnywhere == castedValue)
+                    return origin;
+                
+                return origin with { WrapAnywhere = castedValue };
+            }
+
+            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(property), property, "Expected to mutate the TextStyle object. Provided property type is not supported.");
+        }
+        
+        internal static TextStyle ApplyGlobalStyle(this TextStyle style, TextStyle parent)
+        {
+            var cacheKey = (style, parent, false);
+            return TextStyleApplyCache.GetOrAdd(cacheKey, key => ApplyStyle(key.origin, key.parent, key.overrideValue));
+        }
+        
+        internal static TextStyle OverrideStyle(this TextStyle style, TextStyle parent)
+        {
+            var cacheKey = (style, parent, true);
+            return TextStyleApplyCache.GetOrAdd(cacheKey, key => ApplyStyle(key.origin, key.parent, key.overrideValue));
+        }
+        
+        private static TextStyle ApplyStyle(TextStyle style, TextStyle parent, bool overrideValue)
+        {
+            var result = style;
+
+            result = MutateStyle(result, TextStyleProperty.Color, parent.Color, overrideValue);
+            result = MutateStyle(result, TextStyleProperty.BackgroundColor, parent.BackgroundColor, overrideValue);
+            result = MutateStyle(result, TextStyleProperty.FontFamily, parent.FontFamily, overrideValue);
+            result = MutateStyle(result, TextStyleProperty.Size, parent.Size, overrideValue);
+            result = MutateStyle(result, TextStyleProperty.LineHeight, parent.LineHeight, overrideValue);
+            result = MutateStyle(result, TextStyleProperty.FontWeight, parent.FontWeight, overrideValue);
+            result = MutateStyle(result, TextStyleProperty.FontPosition, parent.FontPosition, overrideValue);
+            result = MutateStyle(result, TextStyleProperty.IsItalic, parent.IsItalic, overrideValue);
+            result = MutateStyle(result, TextStyleProperty.HasStrikethrough, parent.HasStrikethrough, overrideValue);
+            result = MutateStyle(result, TextStyleProperty.HasUnderline, parent.HasUnderline, overrideValue);
+            result = MutateStyle(result, TextStyleProperty.WrapAnywhere, parent.WrapAnywhere, overrideValue);
+            
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+}

QuestPDF/QuestPDF.csproj

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
         <Authors>MarcinZiabek</Authors>
         <Company>CodeFlint</Company>
         <PackageId>QuestPDF</PackageId>
-        <Version>2022.8.0</Version>
+        <Version>2022.8.2</Version>
         <PackageDescription>QuestPDF is an open-source, modern and battle-tested library that can help you with generating PDF documents by offering friendly, discoverable and predictable C# fluent API.</PackageDescription>
         <PackageReleaseNotes>$([System.IO.File]::ReadAllText("$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)/Resources/ReleaseNotes.txt"))</PackageReleaseNotes>
         <LangVersion>9</LangVersion>

QuestPDF/Resources/PackageReadme.md

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+[![Dotnet](https://img.shields.io/badge/platform-.NET-blue)](https://www.nuget.org/packages/QuestPDF/)
+[![GitHub Repo stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/QuestPDF/QuestPDF)](https://github.com/QuestPDF/QuestPDF/stargazers)
+[![Nuget version](https://img.shields.io/nuget/v/QuestPdf)](https://www.nuget.org/packages/QuestPDF/)
+[![Nuget download](https://img.shields.io/nuget/dt/QuestPDF)](https://www.nuget.org/packages/QuestPDF/)
+[![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/QuestPDF/QuestPDF)](https://github.com/QuestPDF/QuestPDF/blob/main/LICENSE)
+[![Sponsor project](https://img.shields.io/badge/sponsor-project-red)](https://github.com/sponsors/QuestPDF)
+
+QuestPDF is an open-source .NET library for PDF documents generation.
+
+It offers a layout engine designed with a full paging support in mind. The document consists of many simple elements (e.g. border, background, image, text, padding, table, grid etc.) that are composed together to create more complex structures. This way, as a developer, you can understand the behavior of every element and use them with full confidence. Additionally, the document and all its elements support paging functionality. For example, an element can be moved to the next page (if there is not enough space) or even be split between pages like table's rows.
+
+## Documentation
+
+[![Getting started tutorial]( https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%9A%80%20read-getting%20started-blue)](https://www.questpdf.com/getting-started.html)
+A short and easy to follow tutorial showing how to design an invoice document under 200 lines of code.
+
+
+[![API reference](https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%93%96%20read-API%20reference-blue)](https://www.questpdf.com/api-reference/index.html)
+A detailed description of behavior of all available components and how to use them with C# Fluent API.
+
+
+[![Patterns and Practices](https://img.shields.io/badge/%F0%9F%94%8D%20read-patterns%20and%20practices-blue)](https://www.questpdf.com/design-patterns.html)
+Everything that may help you designing great reports and create reusable code that is easy to maintain.
+
+## Simplicity is the key
+
+How easy it is to start and prototype with QuestPDF? Really easy thanks to its minimal API! Please analyse the code below:
+
+```#
+using QuestPDF.Fluent;
+using QuestPDF.Helpers;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+
+// code in your main method
+Document.Create(container =>
+{
+    container.Page(page =>
+    {
+        page.Size(PageSizes.A4);
+        page.Margin(2, Unit.Centimetre);
+        page.Background(Colors.White);
+        page.DefaultTextStyle(x => x.FontSize(20));
+        
+        page.Header()
+            .Text("Hello PDF!")
+            .SemiBold().FontSize(36).FontColor(Colors.Blue.Medium);
+        
+        page.Content()
+            .PaddingVertical(1, Unit.Centimetre)
+            .Column(x =>
+            {
+                x.Spacing(20);
+                
+                x.Item().Text(Placeholders.LoremIpsum());
+                x.Item().Image(Placeholders.Image(200, 100));
+            });
+        
+        page.Footer()
+            .AlignCenter()
+            .Text(x =>
+            {
+                x.Span("Page ");
+                x.CurrentPageNumber();
+            });
+    });
+})
+.GeneratePdf("hello.pdf");
+```
+
+And compare it to the produced PDF file:
+
+![invoice](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/QuestPDF/QuestPDF-Documentation/main/docs/public/minimal-example-shadow.png)
+
+## Are you ready for more?
+
+The Fluent API of QuestPDF scales really well. It is easy to create and maintain even most complex documents. Read [the Getting started tutorial](https://www.questpdf.com/documentation/getting-started.html) to learn QuestPDF basics and implement an invoice under 200 lines of code. You can also investigate and play with the code from [the example repository](https://github.com/QuestPDF/example-invoice).
+
+![invoice](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/QuestPDF/QuestPDF-Documentation/main/docs/public/invoice-small.png)

QuestPDF/Resources/ReleaseNotes.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+2022.8.0:
+
 - Improved library performance,
 - Breaking change: changed default font from Calibri to an open-source Lato,
 - Default font files are included with the nuget package, making it safe to deploy on any environment,
@@ -5,3 +7,14 @@
 - When requested font is not available on the runtime environment, library provides list of available fonts,
 - Fixed a rare layout overflow exception with the Inlined element,
 - Fixed a memory leak connected to the HarfBuzz library.
+
+
+2022.8.1:
+- Fixed: default text style does not always work
+- Fixed: page breaking rendering does not work in very specific corner cases
+- Stability improvements for text wrapping
+- Updated stability of rendering elements in negative space
+- Optimization for the Column element: do not measure child when available height is negative
+
+2022.8.2
+- Fixed: the Column element incorrectly renders zero-height elements.

QuestPDF/Settings.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+namespace QuestPDF
+{
+    public static class Settings
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// This value represents the maximum lenght of the document that the library produces.
+        /// This is useful when layout constraints are too strong, e.g. one element does not fit in another.
+        /// In such cases, the library would produce document of infinite length, consuming all available resources.
+        /// To break the algorithm and save the environment, the library breaks the rendering process after reaching specified length of document.
+        /// If your content requires generating longer documents, please assign the most reasonable value.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int DocumentLayoutExceptionThreshold { get; set; } = 250;
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// This flag generates additional document elements to cache layout calculation results.
+        /// In the vast majority of cases, this significantly improves performance, while slightly increasing memory consumption.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>By default, this flag is enabled only when the debugger is NOT attached.</remarks>
+        public static bool EnableCaching { get; set; } = !System.Diagnostics.Debugger.IsAttached;
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// This flag generates additional document elements to improve layout debugging experience.
+        /// When the DocumentLayoutException is thrown, the library is able to provide additional execution context.
+        /// It includes layout calculation results and path to the problematic area.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>By default, this flag is enabled only when the debugger IS attached.</remarks>
+        public static bool EnableDebugging { get; set; } = System.Diagnostics.Debugger.IsAttached;
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// This flag enables checking the font glyph availability.
+        /// If your text contains glyphs that are not present in the specified font,
+        /// 1) when this flag is enabled: the DocumentDrawingException is thrown. OR 
+        /// 2) when this flag is disabled: placeholder characters are visible in the produced PDF file. 
+        /// Enabling this flag may slightly decrease document generation performance.
+        /// However, it provides hints that used fonts are not sufficient to produce correct results.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>By default, this flag is enabled only when the debugger IS attached.</remarks>
+        public static bool CheckIfAllTextGlyphsAreAvailableInSpecifiedFont { get; set; } = System.Diagnostics.Debugger.IsAttached;
+    }
+}

readme.md

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ Choosing a project dependency could be difficult. We need to ensure stability an
 
 ⭐ Please give this repository a star. It takes seconds and help thousands of developers! ⭐
 
+<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/9263853/184642026-27dd7567-a46a-45d4-9594-e6a70a7193e9.png" width="700" />
+
 ## Please share with the community
 
 As an open-source project without funding, I cannot afford advertising QuestPDF in a typical way. Instead, the library relies on community interactions. Please consider sharing a post about QuestPDF and the value it provides. It really does help!